다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

■ Abstract The recent proliferation of scholarship on collective action frames and framing processes in relation to social movements indicates that framing processes have come to be regarded, alongside resource mobilization and political opportunity processes, as a central dynamic in understanding the character and course of social movements. This review examines the analytic utility of the framing literature for un- derstanding social movement dynamics. We first review how collective action frames have been conceptualized, including their characteristic and variable features. We then examine the literature related to framing dynamics and processes. Next we review the literature regarding various contextual factors that constrain and facilitate framing processes. We conclude with an elaboration of the consequences of framing processes for other movement processes and outcomes. We seek throughout to provide clarifi- cation of the linkages between framing concepts/processes and other conceptual and theoretical formulations relevant to social movements, such as schemas and ideology.

/pdf/framing-processes-and-social-movements-an-overview-and-2fo6scjphe.pdf

Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment

https://www.wsl.ch/staff/niklaus.zimmermann/papers/ecomod135_147.pdf

Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology

Past analysis of social movements and social movement organizations has normally assumed a close link between the frustrations or grievances of a collectivity of actors and the growth and decline of movement activity. Questioning the theoretical centrality of this assumption directs social movement analysis away from its heavy emphasis upon the social psychology of social movement participants; it can then be more easily integrated with structural theories of social process. This essay presents a set of concepts and related propositions drawn from a resource mobilization perspective. It emphasizes the variety and sources of resources; the relationship of social movements to the media, authorities, and other parties; and the interaction among movement organizations. Propositions are developed to explain social movement activity at several levels of inclusiveness-the social movement sector, the social movement industry, and social movement organization.

Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory

The present historical moment may seem a particularly inopportune time to review Bowling Alone, Robert Putnam's latest exploration of civic decline in America. After all, the outpouring of volunteerism, solidarity, patriotism, and self-sacrifice displayed by Americans in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks appears to fly in the face of Putnam's central argument: that \"social capital\" -defined as \"social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them\" (p. 19)'has declined to dangerously low levels in America over the last three decades. However, Putnam is not fazed in the least by the recent effusion of solidarity. Quite the contrary, he sees in it the potential to \"reverse what has been a 30to 40-year steady decline in most measures of connectedness or community.\"' As an example of how the current \"war on terrorism\" could generate a durable civic renewal, Putnam points to the burst in civic practices that occurred during and after World War II, which he says \"permanently marked\" the generation that lived through it and had a \"terrific effect on American public life over the last half-century.\" 3 If Americans can follow this example and channel their current civic

Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community

scribe those recreation activities that are provided by management to satisfy the perceived needs and desires of employees for wholesome and enriching leisure time experiences. Management programs to provide this kind of employee benefit can be traced back to the middle of the nineteenth century, but they only became a significant part of management strategies in the first decades of the present century, when, due to a reduction in the work week, more leisure time

The Rationalization of Leisure

High levels of vibrations can occur in floor systems due to excitation from human activities such as walking and aerobics. In building floors, excessive vibrations are generally not a safety concern for building floor systems but a cause of annoyance and discomfort. Excessive vibrations typically occur in: (a) light weight floors; (b) floor systems with low stiffness where the floor dominant natural frequency is close to the excitation frequency; and (c) floors with low damping. While the floor mass and stiffness are normally constant during the life of the structure and can be estimated with a high degree of accuracy, damping is more difficult to predict because it is mostly associated with non-structural components such as partitions, false floors, suspended ceilings and ducts as well as furniture such as filing cabinets and bookshelfs. Current trends in the building industry associated with using lightweight materials, long-span open-plan floors and adoption of the electronic office, give rise to the importance of understanding floor vibrations and specifically damping. This paper provides a summary of factors affecting floor vibrations and discusses available damping systems which can be used to reduce vibration levels in floor systems.

/pdf/floor-vibrations-due-to-human-excitation-damping-perspective-3u3pu8x3a2.pdf

Floor vibrations due to human excitation - damping perspective

The Roots of Ritual

Global trade has increased nearly 100-fold since 1950, according to the World Trade Organization. Today, major changes in trade are occurring with the advent of mega-ships that can transport thousands more containers than cargo ships now in use. Because global trade is expected to increase dramatically, the railroad industry—in the U.S. alone—has invested more than $5 billion a year over the past decade to expand rail yards and enhance rail routes to transport goods from ports to retail destinations. This article describes cancer risks for residents living in close proximity to rail yards with emissions of diesel particulate matter pollution from locomotives, trucks and yard equipment. The article examines the demographics (income, race/ethnicity) of populations living in the highest estimated cancer risk zones near 18 major rail yards in California, concluding that the majority are over-represented by either lower-income or minority residents (or both). The authors also describe a review of the news media and environmental impact reports to determine if rail yards are still being constructed or expanded in close proximity to homes and schools or in working class/working poor communities of color. The paper suggests policy efforts that might provide more public health protection and result in more “environmentally just” siting of rail yards. The authors conclude that diesel pollution from rail yards, which creates significant diesel cancer risks for those living near the facilities, is an often overlooked public health, health disparities and environmental justice issue in the U.S. The conclusions are relevant to other countries where international trade is increasing and large new intermodal rail facilities are being considered.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/11/2/1914/pdf

Global trade, local impacts: lessons from California on health impacts and environmental justice concerns for residents living near freight rail yards.

An ensemble of artificial accelograms developed using scholastic simulations that are both appropriate for the hard rock and rock conditions in Australia is discussed. The comparison shows good agreement between the simulated motions and the new Australian Standard for earthquake actions as well as the Somerville model in terms of their corner period behavior.

John Wilson

Papers

The Rationalization of Leisure

Floor vibrations due to human excitation - damping perspective

The Roots of Ritual

Global trade, local impacts: lessons from California on health impacts and environmental justice concerns for residents living near freight rail yards.

Accelerograms for Dynamic Analysis under the New Australian Standard for Earthquake Actions