Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Convergence of Probability Measures. By P. Billingsley. Chichester, Sussex, Wiley, 1968. xii, 253 p. 9 1/4“. 117s.

Convergence of Probability Measures

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Introduction to the Modern Theory of Dynamical Systems

This is a slightly expanded version of the text of a lecture I gave in a conference at Rutgers University in honor of David Ruelle and Yasha Sinai. In this lecture I reported on some of the main results surrounding an invariant measure introduced by Sinai, Ruelle, and Bowen in the 1970s. SRB measures, as these objects are called, play an important role in the ergodic theory of dissipative dynamical systems with chaotic behavior. Roughly speaking,

What Are SRB Measures, and Which Dynamical Systems Have Them?

In this chapter we will embark upon the task of systematically identifying important specific phenomena associated with the asymptotic behavior of smooth dynamical systems We will build upon the results of our survey of specific examples in Chapter 1 as well as on the insights gained from the general structural approach outlined and illustrated in Chapter 2 Most of the properties discussed in the present chapter are in fact topological invariants and can be defined for broad classes of topological dynamical systems, including symbolic ones The predominance of topological invariants fits well with the picture that emerges from the considerations of Sections 21, 23, 24, and 26 The considerations of the previous chapter make it very plausible that smooth dynamical systems are virtually never differentiably stable and can only rarely be classified locally up to smooth conjugacy In contrast, structural and the related topological stability seem to be fairly widespread phenomena We will consider three broad classes of asymptotic invariants: (i) growth of the numbers of orbits of various kinds and of the complexity of orbit families, (ii) types of recurrence, and (iii) asymptotic distribution and statistical behavior of orbits The first two classes are of a purely topological nature; they are discussed in the present chapter The last class is naturally related to ergodic theory and hence we will provide an introduction to key aspects of that subject This will require some space so we put that material into a separate chapter The two chapters are intimately connected

Introduction to the Modern Theory of Dynamical Systems: PRINCIPAL CLASSES OF ASYMPTOTIC TOPOLOGICAL INVARIANTS

We construct Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen (SRB) measures supported on partially hyperbolic sets of diffeomorphisms – the tangent bundle splits into two invariant subbundles, one of which is uniformly contracting – under the assumption that the complementary subbundle is non-uniformly expanding. If the rate of expansion (Lyapunov exponents) is bounded away from zero, then there are only finitely many SRB measures. Our techniques extend to other situations, including certain maps with singularities or critical points, as well as diffeomorphisms having only a dominated splitting (and no uniformly hyperbolic subbundle).

SRB measures for partially hyperbolic systems whose central direction is mostly expanding

We construct Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen (SRB) measures supported on partially hyperbolic sets of diffeomorphisms — the tangent bundle splits into two invariant subbundles, one of which is uniformly contracting — under the assumption that the complementary subbundle is non-uniformly expanding. If the rate of expansion (Lyapunov exponents) is bounded away from zero, then there are only finitely many SRB measures. Our techniques extend to other situations, including certain maps with singularities or critical points, as well as diffeomorphisms having only a dominated splitting (and no uniformly hyperbolic subbundle).

We construct ergodic absolutely continuous invariant probability measures for an open class of non-hyperbolic surface maps introduced by Viana (1997), who showed that they exhibit two positive Lyapunov exponents at almost every point. Our approach involves an inducing procedure, based on the notion of hyperbolic time that we introduce here, and contains a theorem of existence of absolutely continuous invariant measures for multidimensional piecewise expanding maps with countably many domains of smoothness.

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SRB measures for non-hyperbolic systems with multidimensional expansion

We consider open sets of transformations in a manifold M, exhibiting nonuniformly expanding behaviour in some forward invariant domain U ‰ M. Assuming that each transformation has a unique SRB measure in U, and some general uniformity conditions, we prove that the SRB measure varies continuously with the dynamics in the L 1 -norm. As an application we show that an open class of maps introduced in [V1] fits this situation, thus proving that the SRB measures constructed in [A] vary continuously with the map.

Statistical stability for robust classes of maps with non-uniform expansion

We consider non-uniformly expanding maps on compact Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary dimension, possibly having discontinuities and/or critical sets, and show that under some general conditions they admit an induced Markov tower structure. Moreover, the decay of the return time function can be controlled in terms of the time generic points need to achieve some uniform expanding behavior. As a consequence we obtain some rates for the decay of correlations of those maps and conditions for the validity of the Central Limit Theorem.

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José F. Alves

Papers

SRB measures for partially hyperbolic systems whose central direction is mostly expanding

SRB measures for partially hyperbolic systems whose central direction is mostly expanding

SRB measures for non-hyperbolic systems with multidimensional expansion

Statistical stability for robust classes of maps with non-uniform expansion

Markov structures and decay of correlations for non-uniformly expanding dynamical systems☆