Background The frequency of major malformations, growth retardation, and hypoplasia of the midface and fingers, known as anticonvulsant embryopathy, is increased in infants exposed to anticonvulsant drugs in utero. However, whether the abnormalities are caused by the maternal epilepsy itself or by exposure to anticonvulsant drugs is not known. Methods We screened 128,049 pregnant women at delivery to identify three groups of infants: those exposed to anticonvulsant drugs, those unexposed to anticonvulsant drugs but with a maternal history of seizures, and those unexposed to anticonvulsant drugs with no maternal history of seizures (control group). The infants were examined systematically for the presence of major malformations, signs of hypoplasia of the midface and fingers, microcephaly, and small body size. Results The combined frequency of anticonvulsant embryopathy was higher in 223 infants exposed to one anticonvulsant drug than in 508 control infants (20.6 percent vs. 8.5 percent; odds ratio, 2.8; 9...

The Teratogenicity of Anticonvulsant Drugs

¿Qué es ser inteligente emocionalmente? La inteligencia emocional es una forma de reconocer y comprender como pensamos, sentimos y actuamos. La persona emocionalmente inteligente desarrolla habilidades que le llevan a manejar adecuadamente los sentimientos y emociones que se dan en las relaciones que tiene con los demás como puede ser hacer un buen uso de la empatía. Daniel Goleman define la inteligencia emocional como “la capacidad de reconocer nuestros propios sentimientos y los ajenos, de motivarlos y de manejar bien las emociones, en nosotros mismos y en nuestras relaciones”, y en consecuencia define a las personas emocionalmente inteligentes en base a su actuación dependiendo de las siguientes actitudes: muestran automotivación, expresan y conocen sus emociones y reconocen y valoran las de los demás, son perseverantes a pesar de las dificultades, poseen autocontrol ante los impulsos y los deseos de compensación emocional, tienen empatía y comprensión ante las necesidades de los otros y mantienen la esperanza y el positivismo.

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Inteligência emocional: relação com inteligência, variáveis sociodemográficas e habilidades sociais

The study analyzes the main sources of academic stress for first-year university students, and presents a validation of an evaluation instrument for this psychological construct. The results show that perceived stress is a generalized phenomenon in the first year of university studies, and that the highest levels are obtained in the areas of oral presentations, academic overload, lack of time, and taking exams. The questionnaire evaluates four complimentary dimensions (academic obligations, academic record and future prospects, interpersonal difficulties, and expressing one’s own ideas), with a significant relationship of reduced magnitude with academic performance, the female students presenting higher values on all of them. The results are discussed in terms of their effects on designing systems for tutorial action and offering psychological attention and counselling services to the students.

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Evaluación del estrés académico en estudiantes de nueva incorporación a la universidad

The present document has been prepared by a group of experts, members of cardiology, endocrinology and diabetes societies of Latin American countries, to serve as a guide to physicians taking care of patients with diabetes, hypertension and comorbidities or complications of both conditions. Although the concept of 'metabolic syndrome' is currently disputed, the higher prevalence in Latin America of that cluster of metabolic alterations has suggested that 'metabolic syndrome' is a useful nosographic entity in the context of Latin American medicine. Therefore, in the present document, particular attention is paid to this syndrome in order to alert physicians on a particularly high-risk population, usually underestimated and undertreated. These recommendations result from presentations and debates by discussion panels during a 2-day conference held in Bucaramanga, in October 2012, and all the participants have approved the final conclusions. The authors acknowledge that the publication and diffusion of guidelines do not suffice to achieve the recommended changes in diagnostic or therapeutic strategies, and plan suitable interventions overcoming knowledge, attitude and behavioural barriers, preventing both physicians and patients from effectively adhering to guideline recommendations.

Latin American consensus on hypertension in patients with diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of methylphenidate on cognitive enhancement, memory, and performance in medical students. METHODS: A review of four databases (LILACS, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SciELO), analyzing the title and of all articles published between 1990 and 2012 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Selected articles were read in entirety, including in the review those that met the established criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of use among medical students reached 16%, with no gender difference. Most students began using the drug after entering the university, and the reasons cited to justify it are related to enhancing academic performance. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence in the literature that the use of methylphenidate is beneficial in terms of memory or learning. The drug simply increases wakefulness and alertness, reducing the time of sleep.

Use of methylphenidate among medical students: a systematic review

This review article is presented like a proposal for clinical performance in case of ACUTE HEART FAILURE previous to hospitalization, handed by paramedics, or medical assistants with a special training and appropriate material ACUTE HEART FAILURE is an emergency with a high rate of morbility and global mortality Prognosis depends on the precocity of the handling and initial correction measures Perfusion therapy , early symphtoms detection and appropiate complications treatment Pain and anxiety controls are involved, also prevention and treatment for potential cardio respiratory stroke, anti-ischemic therapy and perfusion –evaluation, control of AHF complication during this assistance period Diagnosis based on the clinic and initial electrocardiogram could be helped by myocardic enzymatic tests perfomed out the hospital premises They should be used if contraindications are not present: oxygen, acetylsalicylic- acid, morphine, beta- blockaders, digoxina, atropine, isosorbide- dinitrate, xilocaine It is also important to have an appropriate ambulance specially equipped with telemetric features and a well-trained team, to achieve a quick treatment to the pacient and its final transfer to emergency medical centers that may count with an intensive care unit and cardiology specialists

Manejo prehospitalario del paciente con infarto agudo de miocardio

Introduccion: La mortalidad por las enfermedades cardiovasculares ha constituido la principal causa de muerte, siendo importante averiguar la incidencia de la morbimortalidad intrahospitalaria causada por estas enfermedades. Objetivos: El objetivo fundamental del presente trabajo es determinar la epidemiologia del infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM) en el hospital San Marcos de Chinchina. Materiales y metodos: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 142 historias clinicas del servicio de estadistica del Hospital San Marcos de Chinchina; los pacientes que se estudiaron presentaron infarto agudo de miocardio diagnosticados segun criterios clinicos, enzimaticos y electrocardiograficos. Resultados: Se encontro una mortalidad del 3 %, y remision del 43%; el IAM se observo principalmente en pacientes del sexo masculino (53%), con una edad superior a 60 anos. Dentro de los factores de riesgo controlables resulto que la hipertension arterial se asocia con mayor frecuencia al infarto agudo de miocardio, aunque la mayoria de los pacientes presentaron asociacion simultanea de tres o mas factores controlables; sin embargo la mayor proporcion no presento ninguna complicacion intrahospitalaria post- infarto. Conclusiones: La aplicacion de un tratamiento precoz ha demostrado influir independientemente de manera favorable sobre la mortalidad hospitalaria.

Caracterización de los pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio en un hospital de nivel 2

Razones de abandono de la lactancia materna en madres de niños de jardines infantiles, Ma-nizales, Colombia, 2015

Objective: To Identify in diagnosed psychiatric population with clinical disorders, such as stress, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and its association with blood pressure levels. Material and Methods: It is a correlational study that included 150 patients hospitalized in the clinic San Juan de Dios of Manizales city, with psychiatric diagnosis. The data collection it is performed by reviewing medical records in this population and different variables (demographic, personal and mental illness) are anlyzed. Results: 59.3% of female gender, average age 45.7±15.78 years, 27.3% have hypertension, 30% presented arterial blood pressure <120 mmHU and <80 mmHg, 2% anxiety, 20% depression, stress 5.3%, 74% bipolar disorder. Significant relationship between bipolar disorder and an increase in blood pressure is found (p = 0.022) and a significant dependence between diastolic blood pressure and bipolar affective disorder is evidenced (p = 0.026), but there is not relationship between bipolar disorder and diagnosed hypertension. Bipolar disorder patients have a higher incidence of hypertension, compared with people without the disorder, although this result is not significant. Conclusion: The present study indicates that mental illness alone does not predispose to hypertension, at least in patients with diagnoses of anxiety, depression, stress. Positive relationship between higher blood pressure values in patients with bipolar disorder is found.

Relación entre trastorno afectivo bipolar, depresión, ansiedad, estrés y valores de presión arterial en población de la clínica San Jjuan de Dios, Manizales, Colombia, 2014

Resumen es: Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos microscopicos e histopatologicos de la citologia vaginal y de la colposcopia en mujeres asistentes a la clinica la ASSB...

Hallazgos en la citología vaginal y colposcopia y su asociación con infección por vph y otros factores de riesgo para cáncer de cérvix en mujeres atendidas en entidades de manizales (colombia), 2000-2007

José Jaime Castaño Castrillón

Papers

Manejo prehospitalario del paciente con infarto agudo de miocardio

Caracterización de los pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio en un hospital de nivel 2

Razones de abandono de la lactancia materna en madres de niños de jardines infantiles, Ma-nizales, Colombia, 2015

Relación entre trastorno afectivo bipolar, depresión, ansiedad, estrés y valores de presión arterial en población de la clínica San Jjuan de Dios, Manizales, Colombia, 2014

Hallazgos en la citología vaginal y colposcopia y su asociación con infección por vph y otros factores de riesgo para cáncer de cérvix en mujeres atendidas en entidades de manizales (colombia), 2000-2007