Background The frequency of major malformations, growth retardation, and hypoplasia of the midface and fingers, known as anticonvulsant embryopathy, is increased in infants exposed to anticonvulsant drugs in utero. However, whether the abnormalities are caused by the maternal epilepsy itself or by exposure to anticonvulsant drugs is not known. Methods We screened 128,049 pregnant women at delivery to identify three groups of infants: those exposed to anticonvulsant drugs, those unexposed to anticonvulsant drugs but with a maternal history of seizures, and those unexposed to anticonvulsant drugs with no maternal history of seizures (control group). The infants were examined systematically for the presence of major malformations, signs of hypoplasia of the midface and fingers, microcephaly, and small body size. Results The combined frequency of anticonvulsant embryopathy was higher in 223 infants exposed to one anticonvulsant drug than in 508 control infants (20.6 percent vs. 8.5 percent; odds ratio, 2.8; 9...

The Teratogenicity of Anticonvulsant Drugs

¿Qué es ser inteligente emocionalmente? La inteligencia emocional es una forma de reconocer y comprender como pensamos, sentimos y actuamos. La persona emocionalmente inteligente desarrolla habilidades que le llevan a manejar adecuadamente los sentimientos y emociones que se dan en las relaciones que tiene con los demás como puede ser hacer un buen uso de la empatía. Daniel Goleman define la inteligencia emocional como “la capacidad de reconocer nuestros propios sentimientos y los ajenos, de motivarlos y de manejar bien las emociones, en nosotros mismos y en nuestras relaciones”, y en consecuencia define a las personas emocionalmente inteligentes en base a su actuación dependiendo de las siguientes actitudes: muestran automotivación, expresan y conocen sus emociones y reconocen y valoran las de los demás, son perseverantes a pesar de las dificultades, poseen autocontrol ante los impulsos y los deseos de compensación emocional, tienen empatía y comprensión ante las necesidades de los otros y mantienen la esperanza y el positivismo.

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Inteligência emocional: relação com inteligência, variáveis sociodemográficas e habilidades sociais

The study analyzes the main sources of academic stress for first-year university students, and presents a validation of an evaluation instrument for this psychological construct. The results show that perceived stress is a generalized phenomenon in the first year of university studies, and that the highest levels are obtained in the areas of oral presentations, academic overload, lack of time, and taking exams. The questionnaire evaluates four complimentary dimensions (academic obligations, academic record and future prospects, interpersonal difficulties, and expressing one’s own ideas), with a significant relationship of reduced magnitude with academic performance, the female students presenting higher values on all of them. The results are discussed in terms of their effects on designing systems for tutorial action and offering psychological attention and counselling services to the students.

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Evaluación del estrés académico en estudiantes de nueva incorporación a la universidad

The present document has been prepared by a group of experts, members of cardiology, endocrinology and diabetes societies of Latin American countries, to serve as a guide to physicians taking care of patients with diabetes, hypertension and comorbidities or complications of both conditions. Although the concept of 'metabolic syndrome' is currently disputed, the higher prevalence in Latin America of that cluster of metabolic alterations has suggested that 'metabolic syndrome' is a useful nosographic entity in the context of Latin American medicine. Therefore, in the present document, particular attention is paid to this syndrome in order to alert physicians on a particularly high-risk population, usually underestimated and undertreated. These recommendations result from presentations and debates by discussion panels during a 2-day conference held in Bucaramanga, in October 2012, and all the participants have approved the final conclusions. The authors acknowledge that the publication and diffusion of guidelines do not suffice to achieve the recommended changes in diagnostic or therapeutic strategies, and plan suitable interventions overcoming knowledge, attitude and behavioural barriers, preventing both physicians and patients from effectively adhering to guideline recommendations.

Latin American consensus on hypertension in patients with diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of methylphenidate on cognitive enhancement, memory, and performance in medical students. METHODS: A review of four databases (LILACS, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SciELO), analyzing the title and of all articles published between 1990 and 2012 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Selected articles were read in entirety, including in the review those that met the established criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of use among medical students reached 16%, with no gender difference. Most students began using the drug after entering the university, and the reasons cited to justify it are related to enhancing academic performance. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence in the literature that the use of methylphenidate is beneficial in terms of memory or learning. The drug simply increases wakefulness and alertness, reducing the time of sleep.

Use of methylphenidate among medical students: a systematic review

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los conocimientos y practicas sexuales en la poblacion de adolescentes de los grados 8 a 11 de una institucion educativa de la ciudad de Manizales (Caldas, Colombia). Materiales y metodos: Estudio de corte transversal; la poblacion estuvo conformada por 170 adolescentes de 14 a 21 anos, matriculados en los grados 8 a 11 de Basica Secundaria de una institucion educativa de la ciudad de Manizales, de estratos medio y bajo. Se realizo por el metodo de encuesta. Se tomaron diferentes variables sobre conocimientos sexuales, practicas sexuales y factores de riesgo para embarazo y enfermedades de transmision sexual. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 16,31 anos, de genero masculino en un 56,5 %. Presentaron un promedio de 2,9 (sobre 5) de conocimientos en educacion sexual, 1,8 en metodos anticonceptivos, 2,4 en embarazo, 3,5 en enfermedades de transmision sexual, para un promedio total de 2,7. El 91,8 % ha tenido experiencias sexuales, 70,1 % con pe-netracion; 46,6 % no emplea metodos anticonceptivos; 5 % de las mujeres manifesto que habia tenido embarazos; 4,2 % dijo que no ha tenido enfermedades de transmision sexual. El bajo puntaje de conocimientos correlaciona significativamente con incomodidad en el empleo de metodos anticonceptivos (p=0.018), desconocimiento de para que se emplean (p=0.019), no empleo de ellos (p=0,007).

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Knowledge about sexuality and sexual practices in teenagers of 8 to 11 grade of educational institution in Manizales city (Colombia), 2013

Antecedentes. La hipertension arterial sistemica es una enfermedad multifactorial que incluye la elevacion de las cifras de tension arterial, factores de riesgo cardiovascular e hipertrofia ventricular izquierda. Objetivo. Analizar los cambios electrocardiograficos en pacientes hipertensos inscritos en el programa de hipertension arterial en ASSBASALUD Empresa Social del Estado, Manizales, Colombia, 2012. Materiales y metodos. Estudio poblacional de corte transversal. 102 pacientes. Variables electrocardiograficas analizadas: indices de Cornell, Sokolow Lyon y Macruz; cambios en la onda P y cambios en el eje. Se tomo electrocardiograma. Resultados. Edad promedio de 62 anos. El 58,5% de los pacientes estudiados se clasificaron como pre-hipertensos, el 18,6% tenian frecuencia cardiaca superior a 100 latidos por minuto. Se encontraron cambios en la onda P en el 26,3%. En el 34% el eje estaba desviado. 64,6% tenian indice de Macruz anormal. 10,8% mostraron aumento en el voltaje del indice Sokolow-Lyon. En un 10,8% el voltaje de Cornell estaba elevado. En un 5,1% la fuerza terminal de onda P fue mayor a 40. Un 7,8% tenian bloqueos de rama derecha. En los pacientes con niveles altos de la presion arterial se encontro relacion significativa con la elevacion en los indices de Cornell (p=0,000) y de Sokolow-Lyon (p=0,016). Se encontro relacion significativa entre los valores elevados de la presion arterial sistolica y los cambios en los indices de Cornell (p=0,010) y Sokolow- Lyon (p=0.001), los valores de la presion arterial diastolica se asociaron mas a cambios en el Sokolow-Lyon (p=0,001). Conclusiones. Se confirma en esta poblacion de hipertensos la asociacion entre hipertension arterial y cambios electrocardiograficos, especialmente en los indices de Cornell y de Sokolow-Lyon.

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Hallazgos electrocardiográficos en pacientes hipertensos del programa de vigilancia y control de la hipertensión arterial de ASSBASALUD ESE, Manizales, Colombia

SUMMARY Introduction: The hypertension is defined as an increase in blood pressure, with elevations on systolic and diastolic blood pressures, accepted for age, height and weight, regardless of the primary cause. Ma- terials and Methods: Of the 2916 daytime students at the University of Manizales in the first half of 2009 participated in the study 258 people, with an age range between 16 and 41 years with an average of 20 years. A survey is to classify jobs according to gender, age, social strata, faculty, and other risk factors. Results:At pre-hypertension level a frequency of 45.7% was found, 5% hypertension type 1. A frequency of 27.1% of abdominal obesity, and 18.6% of overweight were found The results showed no statistical significance; therefore not confirm the dependence of risk factors (sex, alcohol, snuff, pathological family and personal history, diet, body mass index) of blood pressure levels.A significant relationship between faculty and blood pressure levels was determined. Conclusions: By stating that this population is ex- posed to one or more risk factors such as alcohol consumption, smoking, physical inactivity, and levels of prehypertension and hypertension, type 1; arises the need for the medical faculty of the University of Ma- nizales promote educational programs aimed at changing unhealthy habits, and possibly establish a pro- gram of prevention and health promotion in order to improve academic performance, and improve healthy life expectancy of the students.

Medición de Tensión Arterial, y Factores de Riesgo Asociados a Hipertensión Arterial, en estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales (Colombia), 2009

Resumen es: Evaluar los progresos del crecimiento y del desarrollo durante el primer trimestre de vida segun lo estipulado en la Resolucion 0412/00 del Ministerio de...

José Jaime Castaño Castrillón

Papers

Knowledge about sexuality and sexual practices in teenagers of 8 to 11 grade of educational institution in Manizales city (Colombia), 2013

Hallazgos electrocardiográficos en pacientes hipertensos del programa de vigilancia y control de la hipertensión arterial de ASSBASALUD ESE, Manizales, Colombia

Medición de Tensión Arterial, y Factores de Riesgo Asociados a Hipertensión Arterial, en estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales (Colombia), 2009

Valoración de los recién nacidos, a los 3 días y a los 3 meses, atendidos en ASSBASALUD ESE, Manizales, (Colombia), 2011-2012

Frecuencia de Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional en Gestantes atendidas en clínicas de ASSBASALUD ESE (Manizales, Colombia), 2011-2012