https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/44722/1/Mylonas_Fostier_Zanuy-GCE.pdf

Broodstock management and hormonal manipulations of fish reproduction

Non-indigenous crayfish species (NICS) in Europe now outnumber indigenous crayfish species (ICS) 2:1, and it has been predicted that they may dominate completely in the next few decades unless something is done to protect them. Of the ten NICS introduced at least nine have become established in areas occupied by four of the five ICS. A decline in stocks of ICS has been recorded in many countries in the face of increasing populations of NICS. Most European countries retain at least one ICS but all are under threat from habitat loss, deteriorating water quality, overfishing, climate change, and most importantly from NICS and crayfish plague. The threat to ICS is so great in some countries that “ark”sanctuary sites are being established.The three most widely-spread NICS are the North American species: Pacifastacus leniusculus , Orconectes limosus and Procambarus clarkii . These can be considered as “Old NICS”, which were introduced before 1975, compared with the “New NICS”, which were introduced after 1980, such as the North American species: Orconectes immunis , Orconectes juvenilis , Orconectes virilis , Procambarus sp. and Procambarus acutus ; and the Australian species: Cherax destructor and Cherax quadricarinatus , all of which have much narrower ranges in Europe. The North American species are potentially capable of acting as vectors of crayfish plague. Outbreaks of this disease occur regularly where there are high concentrations of vectors.In addition to the NICS currently established in the wild, a further threat exists through the aquarium trade, where many American and Australian species are available via the internet and in aquarist centres. Owners of such species may discard them into the freshwater environment when they grow too big as with some Cherax spp. and Orconectes spp., or multiply too frequently as with Procambarus sp. (a parthenogenetic species). A conceptual model is presented as a possible way forward for protecting the future survival of ICS in Europe.

/pdf/a-review-of-the-ever-increasing-threat-to-european-crayfish-ng50jkis1q.pdf

A review of the ever increasing threat to European crayfish from non-indigenous crayfish species

Role of medicinal plants on growth performance and immune status in fish.

Aquaculture's pressure on forage fisheries remains hotly contested. This article reviews trends in fishmeal and fish oil use in industrial aquafeeds, showing reduced inclusion rates but greater total use associated with increased aquaculture production and demand for fish high in long-chain omega-3 oils. The ratio of wild fisheries inputs to farmed fish output has fallen to 0.63 for the aquaculture sector as a whole but remains as high as 5.0 for Atlantic salmon. Various plant- and animal-based alternatives are now used or available for industrial aquafeeds, depending on relative prices and consumer acceptance, and the outlook for single-cell organisms to replace fish oil is promising. With appropriate economic and regulatory incentives, the transition toward alternative feedstuffs could accelerate, paving the way for a consensus that aquaculture is aiding the ocean, not depleting it.

Correction for Feeding aquaculture in an era of finite resources

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Decapod crustacean phylogenetics

Summary Astacid crayfishes, native to western Eurasia and western North America, are iteroparous and long-lived (6–12 years), reaching final sizes of about 30–500 g and 90–200 mm total length, depending on species. While economically valuable, their low fecundity and slow growth makes economic aquaculture difficult. In Spain and Ireland the relatively small native white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet) carries around 70 eggs for 8–9 months and reaches first maturity at 3–4 years and 50 mm total length. The larger signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana, introduced to Europe from California, matures at about 70 mm and 2 years and carries some 200 eggs for 8 months. A. pallipes alone occurs in Ireland; both species in Spain. We have investigated fecundity, oviposition and subsequent egg development of diese species in field and laboratory and developed strategies to maximize egg survival in artificial incubators. Temperature manipulations may be used to maximize juvenile surviva...

Reproduction of astacid crayfish in captivity-current developments and implications for culture, with special reference to Ireland and Spain.

Response of juvenile freshwater crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana) to several fresh and artificially compounded diets

The possibilities for artificial incubation of white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes Lereboullet) eggs: comparison between maternal and artificial incubation.

Artificial incubation of crayfish eggs ( Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana) from early stages of embryonic development

[Le developpement de l'oeuf de l'ecrevisse Austropotamohius pallipes Lereboullet est decrit dans les conditions de laboratoire, de la ponte a l'eclosion. La sequence photographique de son developpement est presentee et la chronologie des differentes phases embryonnaires est etablie a une temperature specifique (15,5° ± 0,5)., Le developpement de l'oeuf de l'ecrevisse Austropotamohius pallipes Lereboullet est decrit dans les conditions de laboratoire, de la ponte a l'eclosion. La sequence photographique de son developpement est presentee et la chronologie des differentes phases embryonnaires est etablie a une temperature specifique (15,5° ± 0,5).]

Jose M. Carral

Papers

Reproduction of astacid crayfish in captivity-current developments and implications for culture, with special reference to Ireland and Spain.

Response of juvenile freshwater crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana) to several fresh and artificially compounded diets

The possibilities for artificial incubation of white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes Lereboullet) eggs: comparison between maternal and artificial incubation.

Artificial incubation of crayfish eggs ( Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana) from early stages of embryonic development

A study on the identification and chronology of the embryonic stages of the freshwater crayfish austropotamobius pallipes (lereboullet, 1858)