This extensive review covers research published between 2010 and 2012 regarding new compounds derived from marine sponges, including 62 species from 60 genera belonging to 33 families and 13 orders of the Demospongia class (Porifera). The emphasis is on the cytotoxic activity that bioactive metabolites from sponges may have on cancer cell lines. At least 197 novel chemical structures from 337 compounds isolated have been found to support this work. Details on the source and taxonomy of the sponges, their geographical occurrence, and a range of chemical structures are presented. The compounds discovered from the reviewed marine sponges fall into mainly four chemical classes: terpenoids (41.9%), alkaloids (26.2%), macrolides (8.9%) and peptides (6.3%) which, along with polyketides, sterols, and others show a range of biological activities. The key sponge orders studied in the reviewed research were Dictyoceratida, Haplosclerida, Tetractinellida, Poecilosclerida, and Agelasida. Petrosia, Haliclona (Haplosclerida), Rhabdastrella (Tetractinellida), Coscinoderma and Hyppospongia (Dictyioceratida), were found to be the most promising genera because of their capacity for producing new bioactive compounds. Several of the new compounds and their synthetic analogues have shown in vitro cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activities against various tumor/cancer cell lines, and some of them will undergo further in vivo evaluation.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/2/208/pdf

Cytotoxic compounds derived from marine sponges. A Review (2010-2012)

Cancer has gained appreciable attention in the category of noncommunicable health disorders as the group of proliferative diseases and metabolic syndromes of fatal consequence, globally. The conventional chemotherapeutic, radiological and associated pharmacotherapeutic advances for its cure have timelessly displayed severe aftereffects in patients. Furthermore, the underlying costs and technical requirements of these have added to their limitation recitals. Food-derived bioactive peptides have been scientifically proven as suitable alternatives for cancer management. Studies have shown that some attributes they possess such as specificity, smaller sizes, better ease of syntheses and modification, and improved penetration into cell membranes make them better alternatives to some protein isolates. Their comparative precedencies with regards to natural and efficacy with minimal side effects have offered them the recognition as proficient options in cancer therapy. This review integrates contemporary technical information about bioactive peptides from plants and animal foods and food by-products and their experimentally determined potentials as remedies for cancer. Furthermore, technical details about their isolation methodologies are offered. This article is an augmentation to technical literatures on the cancer subject and an academic exposure of the food-originated approach for its management.

Food-Derived Anticancer Peptides: A Review

An overview on the diversity of 39 lectins from the phylum Porifera is presented, including 38 lectins, which were identified from the class of demosponges, and one lectin from the class of hexactinellida. Their purification from crude extracts was mainly performed by using affinity chromatography and gel filtration techniques. Other protocols were also developed in order to collect and study sponge lectins, including screening of sponge genomes and expression in heterologous bacterial systems. The characterization of the lectins was performed by Edman degradation or mass spectrometry. Regarding their physiological roles, sponge lectins showed to be involved in morphogenesis and cell interaction, biomineralization and spiculogenesis, as well as host defense mechanisms and potentially in the association between the sponge and its microorganisms. In addition, these lectins exhibited a broad range of bioactivities, including modulation of inflammatory response, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, as well as anticancer and neuromodulatory activity. In view of their potential pharmacological applications, sponge lectins constitute promising molecules of biotechnological interest.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/13/8/5059/pdf

Porifera Lectins: Diversity, Physiological Roles and Biotechnological Potential.

Comparative analysis of whey proteins in donkey colostrum and mature milk using quantitative proteomics

Food ingredient adulteration, especially the adulteration of milk and dairy products, is one of the important issues of food safety. A rapid, simple, sensitive, specific, and low-cost DNA detection method was established to screen bovine milk adulterated in three different kinds of special milk (camel, horse, and goat milk). This method can detection both bovine milk and special milk in a single duplex polymerase chain reaction (duplex PCR). In this study, specific primers of duplex PCR were designed based on 16S-RNA genes from camel and bovine mitochondria and D-LOOP genes from horse and goat mitochondria. The designed primers had good specificity and could accurately amplify the target fragments (711 bp, 584 bp, 241 bp, and 184 bp). The duplex PCR was applied to the binary mixtures of raw milk fixed percentage and processed dairy products (freeze-dried, pasteurized, and ultra-high temperature (UHT) sterilized with the same mixtures and commercial samples). The limit of detection (LOD) of special milk adulterated with bovine milk was 0.1% in raw milk mixture. Pasteurized and UHT sterilized raised the LOD to 0.2% and 0.5%, but freeze-dried did not raise the LOD. Duplex PCR maintained preferable selectivity and sensitivity in the detection of samples with different processed, and it is expected to be used in market detection.

Detection of the Bovine Milk Adulterated in Camel, Horse, and Goat Milk Using Duplex PCR

Proteomic of goat milk whey and its bacteriostatic and antitumour potential.

Marine sponges are primitive metazoans that produce a wide variety of molecules that protect them against predators. In studies that search for bioactive molecules, these marine invertebrates stand out as promising sources of new biologically-active molecules, many of which are still unknown or little studied; thus being an unexplored biotechnological resource of high added value. Among these molecules, lectins are proteins that reversibly bind to carbohydrates without modifying them. In this review, various structural features and biological activities of lectins derived from marine sponges so far described in the scientific literature are discussed. From the results found in the literature, it could be concluded that lectins derived from marine sponges are structurally diverse proteins with great potential for application in the production of biopharmaceuticals, especially as antibacterial and antitumor agents.

/pdf/marine-sponge-lectins-actual-status-on-properties-and-2jfaq83w1g.pdf

José Thalles Jucelino Gomes De Lacerda

Papers

Proteomic of goat milk whey and its bacteriostatic and antitumour potential.

Marine Sponge Lectins: Actual Status on Properties and Biological Activities