[서평]「The Unified Modeling Language User Guide」

THE FIFTH DISCIPLINE The Art & Practice of the Learning Organization

Computational methods for rostering and personnel scheduling has been a subject of continued research and commercial interest since the 1950s. This annotated bibliography puts together a comprehensive collection of some 700 references in this area, focusing mainly on algorithms for generating rosters and personnel schedules but also covering related areas such as workforce planning and estimating staffing requirements. We classify these papers according to the type of problem addressed, the application areas covered and the methods used. In addition, a short summary is provided for each paper.

http://www3.eng.cam.ac.uk/~hj231/Papers/AORRosteringPaper.pdf

An Annotated Bibliography of Personnel Scheduling and Rostering

The Engineering Design of Systems – Models and Methods

This paper summarizes the current state of the art and recent trends in software engineering economics. It provides an overview of economic analysis techniques and their applicability to software engineering and management. It surveys the field of software cost estimation, including the major estimation techniques available, the state of the art in algorithmic cost models, and the outstanding research issues in software cost estimation.

Software engineering economics

To engineer the modern large, complex, interdisciplinary systems-of-systems (SoS), the collaborative world teams must “speak” the same language and must work on the same “matter.” The “matter” is the system model and the communication mechanisms must be supported by standard, flexible, and friendly modeling languages. The evolving model-based systems engineering (MBSE) approach is leading the way and is expected to become a standard practice in the field of systems engineering (SE) in the next decade. As an emerging paradigm for the systems of the 21st century, it seems useful to overview its current state of the art concerning the developing standards, the embryonic formalisms, the available modeling languages, the methodologies, and the major applications.

Model-Based Systems Engineering: An Emerging Approach for Modern Systems

This paper proposes an agile model-based systems engineering (SE) methodology (LITHE methodology) to engineer the contemporary large, complex, and interdisciplinary systems of systems. The methodology relates the processes, the methods, and the tools in order to support an effective model-based development context. The LITHE uses a universal and intuitive SE base process, reducing the complexity and intricacy of the base methods, emphasizing the agile principles such as continuous communication, feedback and stakeholders' involvement, short iterations, and rapid response, and rousing the utilization of a coherent system model developed through the benchmark systems graphical modeling languages. Aiming to support the development of successful systems, which satisfy the stakeholders' expectations, the methodology is particularly concerned with human systems integration, so the related fundamental aspects are considered throughout the engineering process. The LITHE methodology also includes a supporting graphical tool that aims to be an agile instrument to be used by systems engineers in a model-based development environment. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology and to provide some validation, an empirical case study related with the development of a real large and complex system (the Guiding Urban Intelligent Traffic and Environment system) is also described.

LITHE: An Agile Methodology for Human-Centric Model-Based Systems Engineering

In the era of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), the technologies supporting Communications, Sensing & Surveillance mechanisms, and Information & Control systems are spread through the road infrastructure, the vehicles and the users. Their critical mission is the endorsement of efficient, safety and environmental-friendly transport networks that promote the citizens' quality of life. This complex and multidisciplinary challenge requires a conceptual framework to guide the operations and to integrate systems, processes, tools, personnel, and data. In addition, a modular platform with proper modeling, simulating, and visualization capabilities is critical to understand the system-in-analysis, to support well-informed decisions, and to involve the general public in the traffic & environment issue. This work describes the main features of contemporary ITS, emphasizing the Portuguese case, and describes the fundamental modeling & simulation tools that are considered critical to support the daily operation of the urban transportation system.

/pdf/modeling-simulation-for-intelligent-transportation-systems-24exz0u12i.pdf

Modeling & Simulation for Intelligent Transportation Systems

The paper addresses one aspect of the rostering problem posed to the public transport company operating in Porto, Portugal The specific problem dealt with in this paper is that of sequencing the duties within each rota (rotating schedule) so as to minimize the variance of the rest periods between successive duties while satisfying constraints on their minimum value This problem is formulated as a travelling salesman problem Solutions derived from two heuristics are compared with the optimal ones

A Travelling Salesman Model for the Sequencing of Duties in Bus Crew Rotas

This paper addresses the present-day context of Systems Engineering, revisiting and setting up an updated framework for the SIMILAR process in order to use it to engineer the contemporary systems. The contemporary world is crowded of large interdisciplinary complex systems made of other systems, personnel, hardware, software, information, processes, and facilities. An integrated holistic approach is crucial to develop these systems and take proper account of their multifaceted nature and numerous interrelationships. As the system’s complexity and extent grow, the number of parties involved (stakeholders and shareholders) usually also raises, bringing to the interaction a considerable amount of points of view, skills, responsibilities, and interests. The Systems Engineering approach aims to tackle the complex and interdisciplinary whole of those socio-technical systems, providing the means to enable their successful realization. Its exploitation in our modern world is assuming an increasing relevance noticeable by emergent standards, academic papers, international conferences, and post-graduate programmes in the field. This work aims to provide “the picture” of modern Systems Engineering, and to update the context of the SIMILAR process model in order to use this renewed framework to engineer the challenging contemporary systems. The emerging trends in the field are also pointed-out with particular reference to the Model-Based Systems Engineering approach.

José Vasconcelos Ferreira

Papers

Model-Based Systems Engineering: An Emerging Approach for Modern Systems

LITHE: An Agile Methodology for Human-Centric Model-Based Systems Engineering

Modeling & Simulation for Intelligent Transportation Systems

A Travelling Salesman Model for the Sequencing of Duties in Bus Crew Rotas

Revisiting the similar process to engineer the contemporary systems