Drawing on information from four recent national and two state-level population-based surveys, the analyses suggest that there are more than 8 million adults in the US who are lesbian, gay, or bisexual, comprising 3.5% of the adult population. There are also nearly 700,000 transgender individuals in the US. In total, the study suggests that approximately 9 million Americans – roughly the population of New Jersey – identify as LGBT. Key findings from the study include among adults who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual, bisexuals comprise a slight majority (1.8% compared to 1.7% who identify as lesbian or gay); women are substantially more likely than men to identify as bisexual; estimates of those who report any lifetime same-sex sexual behavior and any same-sex sexual attraction are substantially higher than estimates of those who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual. An estimated 19 million Americans (8.2%) report that they have engaged in same-sex sexual behavior and nearly 25.6 million Americans (11%) acknowledge at least some same-sex sexual attraction.

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How Many People are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender? - eScholarship

Human development: A new paradigm or reinvention of the wheel?

Frequencies of homicide victimization of wives and husbands, while cohabiting and when separated, are reported for all spousal homicides known to the police in Canada (1974-1990), in New South Wales, Australia (1968-1986), and in Chicago (1965-1990). In all three data sets, the degree to which spousal homicide victimization was female-biased was significantly greater when the couple were estranged than when they were coresiding. Victim counts and population-at-large estimates of coresiding and separated now-married spouses were combined to estimate differential homicide rates incurred by coresiding and estranged married persons. Wives in all three countries incurred substantially elevated risk when separated as compared to when coresiding.

Spousal homicide risk and estrangement.

Religious affiliation as a determinant of demographic behavior was once at the forefront of demographic research especially in studies of differential fertility. Particular attention was paid to the high fertility of Catholic populations in countries such as the United States. But with the changes that swept through Catholic communities in many industrialized societies in the wake of the Second Vatican Council Catholic fertility patterns came to resemble more closely those of other major religious denominations. Westoff and Jones succinctly captured this change in the title of their article on the end of Catholic fertility. Not surprisingly with the narrowing of fertility differences among religious groups came a withering of interest among demographers in understanding the sources of religious influence on demographic behavior. Several recent developments in the field would seem to justify renewed interest in this old question. The empirical findings of the Princeton studies of the decline of fertility in Europe helped touch off a wave of interest in ascertaining how cultural beliefs and practices including religious ones influenced the fertility transitions in Europe and elsewhere. More recently this concern has extended to attempts to account for variation in the pace of the second demographic transition. Another source of interest in religion centers on fertility patterns in the Muslim world. Countries with large Muslim populations have been generally slower to experience fertility decline and they figure prominently among the shrinking number of societies that continue to experience high rates of fertility. Yet considerable disagreement surrounds the role Islam plays in the fertility patterns of these societies reflecting in part the difficulty demographers have had in conceptualizing the influence of religion on demographic behavior. It thus seems opportune to revisit the question of religion and fertility in the light of a generation of new theoretical and empirical work. (excerpt)

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3401497.pdf

When Does Religion Influence Fertility

Sexual selection theory provides a powerful model for the analysis of psychological sex differences. This research examined (a) tests of several sex differences in mating psychology predicted from sexual selection theory, (b) broad developmental hypotheses about sex differences in mating psychology—through the relationship of mating psychology to sexual orientation, and (c) the structure of within-sex differences in mating psychology. Scales measuring aspects of mating psychology were administered to heterosexual and homosexual Ss of both sexes. The structure of scale intercorrelations was similar across groups. All scales yielded sex differences consistent with sexual selection theory. Homosexual Ss generally obtained scores similar to those of same-sex heterosexual Ss, though several scales were significantly related to sexual orientation. Findings constrain hypotheses concerning the origins of sex differences. Evolutionary Basis of Sex Differences Sex differences were recognized as an evolutionary puzzle by Darwin (1871), who noted that, in many species, males alone possess a range of traits that function in competition for sexual partners. Species where females compete more intensely for mates than do males are rare but not entirely missing from the zoological record. The evolutionary theory that best explains these sex differences in sexual competitiveness implicates reproductive rate, not sex per se, as the key independent variable (Clutton-Brock & Vincent, 1991). It might seem that neither sex would be differentially challenged in the search for mates, as long as a 1:1 sex ratio prevailed. But consider a species where males could potentially reproduce more rapidly than females. This would be the case in most mammals because males expend less on each offspring than do females. In such a case the typical male will complete a reproductive venture (which might merely consist of copulation) before his current partner (who must gestate and lactate, at a minimum) and could therefore start another reproductive venture if he could find an available female. Statistically speaking he will be unlikely to find that female because this same sex difference in reproductive rate pervades the population, with the aggregate result that males, being faster reproducers, find

https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/66/6/1081.pdf

Effects of gender and sexual orientation on evolutionarily relevant aspects of human mating psychology.

1. Theoretical framework 2. Data and methodology Data 3. Lebanese religious groups 4. Religious fertility differentials 5. Religious differentials in family size preferences 6. Religious differentials in fertility control knowledge, attitudes and practices 7. Summary and conclusions.

Religion and Fertility: Arab Christian-Muslim Differentials

Although Arabs are frequently characterized as possessing a harem of veiled and secluded wives, relatively little is actually known about the extent of polygyny among them. In this paper we present an examination of the levels and trends of polygyny in Arab countries in North Africa and Western Asia. The data are obtained primarily from the population censuses of 13 countries, and the registration records of marriage contracts for several countries. The period covers roughly the last three decades. These data also permit the analysis on a longitudinal basis for some countries, of differentials in polygyny by age, urban-rural residence, education, occupation and employment status. A number of findings of this study differ from commonly held views about polygynous Arab marriages. For example, the practice appears to be neither extensive nor uniform throughout the Arab countries. In addition, the trend in its prevalence varies between different countries. While in some countries the practice is decreasing, i...

https://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2174279

Polygyny among Arabs.

Same-sex marriage (SSM) is a new social phenomenon. In modern times SSM did not exist until the 21st century when an increasing number of countries began permitting same-sex couples to marry legally. This study presents statistical and related evidence concerning SSM worldwide, with special attention to the United States, where SSM has evolved into a major political and legal issue. In addition to examining data on levels and trends, differentials between men and women are investigated. The study also considers common arguments for and against SSM and likely changes in laws and policies that may occur. Although same-sex marriage now exists in a small number of countries and US states, its consequences and implications are being felt far beyond the borders of those countries and areas. In coming years same-sex marriage will remain a controversial and salient part of the legal, political, and cultural landscape, locally, nationally, and internationally.

Same-sex marriage: a new social phenomenon.

Executive SummaryThis article comprehensively examines international migration trends and policies in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It begins by reviewing migration dev...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2331502420948796

International Migration amid a World in Crisis

Research has been conduted to determine define and explain the effects of religious affiliation on fertility with specific reference to a multireligious society. Data from the 1971 National Fertility and Family Planning Survey conducted by the Lebanon Family Planning Association have been evaluated and 2 major results have been found i.e. significant fertility differences do exist among Muslim and Christian sects and religious fertility differentials based on cumulative fertility are dependent on the level of socioeconomic status as measured by the wifes education. When education levels are low differentials are great; when education levels are high religious fertility differentials are negligible. These results suggest that religion may be an important characteristic in differentiating fertility behavior but only at certain socioeconomic levels. In countries where religious composition is a sensitive issue these results may have significant implications on population policymakers.

Joseph Chamie

Papers

Religion and Fertility: Arab Christian-Muslim Differentials

Polygyny among Arabs.

Same-sex marriage: a new social phenomenon.

International Migration amid a World in Crisis

Religious differentials in fertility: Lebanon 1971.