Glass fibers reinforced polymer composites have been prepared by various manufacturing technology and are widely used for various applications. Initially, ancient Egyptians made containers by glass...

Glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites – a review:

Elevated environmental awareness of the general public in reducing carbon footprints and the use nonnaturally decomposed solid wastes has resulted in an increasing use of natural materials, biodegradable and recyclable polymers and their composites for a wide range of engineering applications. The properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites are generally governed by the pre-treated process of fibre and the manufacturing process of the composites. These properties can be tailored for various types of applications by properly selecting suitable fibres, matrices, additives and production methods. Besides, due to the complexity of fibre structures, different mechanical performances of the composites are obtained even with the use of the same fibre types with different matrices. Some critical issues like poor wettability, poor bonding and degradation at the fibre/matrix interface (a hydrophilic and hydrophobic effect) and damage of the fibre during the manufacturing process are the main causes of the reduction of the composites’ strength. In this paper, different manufacturing processes and their suitability for natural fibre composites, based on the materials, mechanical and thermal properties of the fibres and matrices are discussed in detail.

https://site.icce-nano.org/Clients/iccenanoorg/hui%20pub/2013%20critical%20factors%20on%20manufacturing%20processes%20of%20natural%20fibre%20composites.pdf

Critical factors on manufacturing processes of natural fibre composites

Fatigue behavior and modeling of short fiber reinforced polymer composites: A literature review

Parameters influencing the impact response of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite materials: a critical review

Dynamic tensile testing of plastic materials

The use of additive manufacturing has been widely developed in the industry due to its ability to make complex shapes. The use of reinforcing fibers has provided a wider design capability in this field. Due to the effect of the number of fibers reinforced used on the mechanical properties, the study of the obtained mechanical properties is of great importance. This paper presents the experimental findings of tensile loading and three points bending fatigue tests performed on polymer-based composites (Onyx (which is CF-PA6) and reinforced Onyx with continuous glass fiber (CF-PA6 + GF) using Fused Filament Fabrication. Tensile properties of various types of printing conditions (Solid, Triangular, Rectangular, and Hexagonal fill patterns) have been compared. The coupled frequency amplitude affects the nature of the overall fatigue response which can be controlled by the damage mechanisms accumulation and/or by the self-heating. For fatigue loading, self-heating has been observed and yielded a temperature rise to about 60°C which is more than the glass transition temperature of the polymer. Multi-scale damage analysis of the sample in fatigue showed that the first observed damage phenomenon corresponds to the debonding of the filaments which leads to the propagation of transverse cracks.

https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911221082480

Mechanical behavior of polymer-based composites using fused filament fabrication under monotonic and fatigue loadings

Damage behavior of dry as molded, 30 wt% short glass fiber reinforced polyamide-66 (PA66/GF30) under fatigue loading has been investigated by X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT). Based on visual observation on μCT images, fiber/matrix interfacial debonding is considered as the main fatigue damage mechanism. Void features in the shell and core layer of the μCT 3D images have been identified. The trend of void volume and void aspect ratio shows marked difference on the damage kinetic between the shell and core layer. Though the damage is mainly developed along fiber interface in both shell and core layer, the interfacial debonding in the shell layer appears earlier than the one in the core layer. While the damage at fiber interface in the shell layer develops in all fatigue loaded specimens, the interfacial debonding in the core layer appears only at the very last stage of the fatigue life.

Fatigue damage investigation of PA66/GF30 by X-Ray microtomography

Influence of loading temperature on the damage mechanism of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) reinforced by glass fiber (PPS/GF30) under tension was experimentally studied from quasi-static (QS) to high ...

Coupling effect of strain rate and temperature on tensile damage mechanism of polyphenylene sulfide reinforced by glass fiber (PPS/GF30):

The main aim of this work is to study the effect of thermal aging on damage mechanisms of a totally recycled composite. The studied material was elaborated by injection molding from a mixture of both recycled matrix (polypropylene-polyethylene blend) and reinforcement (short carbon fibers). Damage mechanisms analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscope (in situ three point bending tests performed on specimens taken at different times of oxidation under different temperatures: 120, 130, and 140°C. Damage mechanisms were identified for different material states. It was shown that thermal aging affects the fiber–matrix interfacial zone while good adhesion between the reinforcement and the matrix was observed for the virgin sample. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis was performed at the local scale in a representative zone of the tensile area. Representative local damage indicators were defined. Results display clearly that damage evolutions always begin during the induction period. Thermal aging effect was then analyzed through the comparison of damage thresholds and kinetics for different material states after different times of oxidation.

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Thermal aging influence on the damage mechanisms of fully recycled composite-reinforced polypropylene/polyethylene blend

The aim of this study is to determine the tensile behaviour of unidirectional glass fibre-reinforced polyester matrix composites at high strain rate (10 s -1 ). Different orientations of the composite are tested with an hydraulic tensile machine which covers the range from static strain rate to 50 s -1 . It is shown that difficulties might appear with solicitations of high velocity. The loading of the specimen becomes very complex. In this study, some improvements have been made to limit these effects. The geometry of the tests specimens is first optimised by a numerical simulation in order to obtain uniformly distributed stress and strain rate in the measurement zone. Another improvement is to choose an appropriate damping joint for limiting disturber loading. Displacement and force versus time signals obtained experimentally are free of oscillations. The longitudinal (0°) and transversal (90°) orientation of fibres in the composite are tested. For both orientation, it is observed that the mechanical properties (maximum stress, elastic modulus and failure strain) depend on the strain rate. Effect of the rate dependence on 0° specimens is moderate: the maximum stress increases slightly. For 90° specimens, the strain rate effect is much more significant on the maximum stress and the yield stress.

Joseph Fitoussi

Papers

Mechanical behavior of polymer-based composites using fused filament fabrication under monotonic and fatigue loadings

Fatigue damage investigation of PA66/GF30 by X-Ray microtomography

Coupling effect of strain rate and temperature on tensile damage mechanism of polyphenylene sulfide reinforced by glass fiber (PPS/GF30):

Thermal aging influence on the damage mechanisms of fully recycled composite-reinforced polypropylene/polyethylene blend

Tensile dynamic behaviour of unidirectional glass fibre-reinforced thermoset matrix composites