To support bursty traffic on the Internet (and especially WWW) efficiently, optical burst switching (OBS) is proposed as a way to streamline both protocols and hardware in building the future gener...

Optical burst switching (OBS) - a new paradigm for an optical Internet

Preface.Introduction.Chapter 1. Selected Topics in Electromagnetic Wave Propagation.1.1. Maxwell's Equations and the Fundamental Fields.1.2. Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Sourceless Media.1.3. Power Transmission.1.4. Group Velocity.1.5. Reflection and Transmission of Waves at Plane Interfaces.1.6. Material Resonances and Their Effects on Wave Propagation.Problems.References.Chapter 2. Symmetric Dielectric Slab Waveguides.2.1. Ray Analysis of the Slab Waveguides.2.2. Field Analysis of the Slab Waveguides.2.3. Solutions of the Eigenvalue Equations.2.4. Power Transmission and Confinement.2.5. Leaky Waves.2.6. Radiation Modes.2.7. Wave Propagation in Curved Slab Waveguides.Problems.References.Chapter 3. Weakly-Guiding Fibers with Step Index Profiles.3.1. Rays and Fields in the Step Index Fiber.3.2. Field Analysis of the Weakly-Guiding Fiber.3.3. Eigenvalue Equation for LP Modes.3.4. LP Mode Characteristics.3.5. Single Mode Fiber Parameters.3.6. Derivation of the General Step Index Fiber Modes.Problems.References.Chapter 4. Loss Mechanisms in Silica Fiber.4.1. Basic Loss Effects in Transmission.4.2. Fabrication of Silica Fibers.4.3. Intrinsic Loss.4.4. Extrinsic Loss.4.5. Bending Loss.4.6. Source-to-Fiber Coupling.Problems.References.Chapter 5. Dispersion.5.1. Pulse Propagation in Media Possessing Quadratic Dispersion.5.2. Material Dispersion.5.3. Dispersion in Optical Fiber.5.4. Chromatic Dispersion Compensation.5.5. Polarization Dispersion.5.6. System Considerations and Dispersion Measurement.Problems.References.Chapter 6. Special Purpose Index Profiles.6.1. Multimode Graded Index Fiber.6.2. Special Index Profile Optimization.Problems.References.Chapter 7. Nonlinear Effects in Fibers I: Non-Resonant Processes.7.1. Nonlinear Optics Fundamentals.7.2. Nonlinear Phase Modulation on Pulses.7.3. The Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation.7.4. Additional Non-Resonant Processes.Problems.References.Chapter 8. Nonlinear Effects in Fibers II: Resonant Processes and Amplification.8.1. Raman Scattering.8.2. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering.8.3. Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Amplifiers.Problems.References.Appendix A: Properties of Bessel Functions.Appendix B: Notation.Index.

Fundamentals of optical fibers

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Polarization Optics In Telecommunications

In this article the author team dealt with possibilities of using different types of modulation formats (NRZ, RZ (33%, 50%, CSRZ 67%, CRZ), DB, RZ-DPSK, NRZ-DPSK) for WDM-PON network with a view to point to merit of individual modulation types regarding to bit rate change and link distance. The individual modulation formats are then evaluated with perspective to limits of access networks based on WDM-PON (parameters Q-factor and BER were monitored).

Simulation of modulation formats for optical access network based on WDM-PON

Fundamentals of Optical Fiber Sensors

The objective of this paper is to investigate nonlinear e ffects in Wavelength-Division Multiplex (WDM) systems in the case when different types of high-order M -PSK and M -QAM modulation formats for various structures of channel spacing are used optical signals. In general, the degradation mechanisms are cau sed by transmitted optical signals and their impact on each optical channel in WD M can be very different. Therefore, it is suitable to investigate possibilities for channel arrangement from the point of view of equidistant and non-equidistant channel spacing, respectively, what would lead to the suppression of nonlinear effects. In this article we investigate new types of high-order modulation formats that have ability for increasing of spectral efficiency and total improvement of performance of the transmission WDM system. The attention is put on two classes of channel spacing in WDM system, equidistant channel spacing (u f = 100, 50, 25 and 12.5 GHz) and non-equidistant channel spacing (u f  const.), respectively. For investigation of signal propagation the numerical model is created. The model is based on mathem atical method Symmetrical-Split Step Fourier Method (S-SSFM), which is utilized for solving the coupled nonlinear Schrodinger´s equations (CNLSE) describing the transmission of signals in multichannel systems. The results of the created numerical model are analyzed, compared to each other and interpreted in a way that leads to the determination of suitable high-order modulation formats and we try to propose the optimal arrangement of optical channels in WDM system. The key issue is to suppress the impact of nonlinearities on modulated signals for each channel with respect to the employed types of digital modulation formats, various system parameters, different types of optical fibers and localization of reference channel in the wavelength area. Keywords: WDM, Kerr effect, nonlinea r Schrodinger equation, S-SSFM

Influence of nonlinear effects in WDM system with non-equidistant channel spacing using different types of high-order PSK and QAM modulation formats

In this paper we deal with a new reservation protocol for high-speed optical networks called Search & Compare. This reservation protocol is improved Segment-based Robust Fast Optical Reservation Protocol (S-RFORP). SC abstracts in English and Lithuanian). http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.114.8.693

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Search & Compare (S&C) - Reservation Protocol in High-Speed Optical Networks

The objective of this paper is focused on numerical modeling of WDM (Wavelength-Division Multiplex) transmission systems that employ new classes of high-order PSK (Phase-Shift Keying) modulation formats. This paper provides investigation of signals propagation with corresponding degradation mechanisms in physical layer, when high-order phase modulation formats are used for their transmission. The impacts of linear and nonlinear effects on modulated signal in multichannel system are studied. For this purpose, it was created numerical model by solving CNLSE (Coupled Nonlinear Schrodinger's Equations) through SSFM (Split-Step Fourier Method). The fundamental characteristics of optical fibers, employed modulation format and WDM system parameters are significant for our investigation, because they play important role for behavior of modulated signals. Our results are analyzed and interpreted by the way of finding out the suitable and optimal system settings for transmission of phase modulated signals.

Modeling of WDM transmission system with high-order phase modulation formats

We present numerical investigation of noise properties of lasers for telecommunication purposes with emphasis on widely used distributed feedback (DFB) lasers and its influence on multi-level modulation formats. DFB lasers can be used in optical transmitters with internal and external modulation, as well as in optical receivers employing coherent detection, where they act as local oscillator. The main noise factors influencing signal characteristics of semiconductor-based lasers are intensity and phase noise. These random impairments cause degradation of fundamental output laser characteristics such as power and phase fluctuation, which are directly related to the optical signal-to-noise ratio and the laser linewidth. In case of implementation of new modulation formats into the transmission system, these stochastic processes are of main importance and significantly impact the transmission properties of modulated signals and total performance of fiber-optic transmission systems. Throughout this paper, the noise influence on the multi-level modulation formats is evaluated by effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) algorithms in combination with bit-error ratio (BER) formulas for appropriate type of modulation format. The obtained results have shown that the noise of DFB laser is serious restriction for multi-level modulation formats and can be improved by higher power levels, yielding to higher SNR , as required for better values of BER .

Numerical investigation of noise chracteristics of telecommunication laser sources for various modulation formats

PMD related routing criteria are discussed for transparent dynamic routing of 40Gb/s channels using realistic PMD dynamics obtained from measurement of an installed multi-span fiber link exhibiting simulated outage events oflmin up to 7h duration.

Jozef Dubovan

Papers

Influence of nonlinear effects in WDM system with non-equidistant channel spacing using different types of high-order PSK and QAM modulation formats

Search & Compare (S&C) - Reservation Protocol in High-Speed Optical Networks

Modeling of WDM transmission system with high-order phase modulation formats

Numerical investigation of noise chracteristics of telecommunication laser sources for various modulation formats

Outage Dynamics of 40Gb/s Optical Paths Routed over PMD-Impaired Fiber Links