Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic data was used to classify wood samples from nine species within the Fagales and Malpighiales using a range of multivariate statistical methods. Taxonomic classification of the family Fagaceae and Betulaceae from Angiosperm Phylogenetic System Classification (APG II System) was successfully performed using supervised pattern recognition techniques. A methodology for wood sample discrimination was developed using both sapwood and heartwood samples. Ten and eight biomarkers emerged from the dataset to discriminate order and family, respectively. In the species studied FTIR in combination with multivariate analysis highlighted significant chemical differences in hemicelluloses, cellulose and guaiacyl (lignin) and shows promise as a suitable approach for wood sample classification.

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A specific case in the classification of woods by FTIR and chemometric: discrimination of Fagales from Malpighiales

Multivariate analysis of leaf shape, anatomy, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) data of 27 Camellia species with secretory structures (sects. Archecamellia, Stereocarpus, Furfuracea, Chrysantha), together with three species from related genera, Gordonia and Tutcheria (Theacea), was conducted to clarify some taxonomic problems. Our results show that crystals occurring in adaxial epidermal cells are firstly observed in Chrysantha species, and the secretory structures described are in fact cork warts. Furthermore, we introduce a form coefficient (F
 c) to assess the shape of epidermal cells, since they are usually irregular and difficult to describe. Pearson correlation analysis indicates that F
 c is useful to assess epidermal cell shape. Principal component analysis (PCA) of leaf shape indicates that two species from section Archecamellia and two species from section Stereocarpus are significantly different from those in section Furfuracea. Cluster analysis of FTIR data visualizes the degree of affinity among the 30 species examined here, which is consistent with the cluster analysis (CA) of anatomical data, as illustrated in the dendrogram. Therefore, our study indicates that integrated leaf characters based on leaf shape, anatomy, and FTIR data are useful in the taxonomic treatment of Camellia species with secretory structures. Taxonomic controversies among the Camellia species with secretory structures could thus be successfully addressed using only a few intact or small portions of leaves. Moreover, our results tend to support that Chrysantha species should not be merged into section Archecamellia, and that section Heterogenea should not be recognized in taxonomic treatments of Camellia species with secretory structures.

Taxonomic treatments of Camellia (Theaceae) species with secretory structures based on integrated leaf characters

Solanum lyratum is a medicinal plant used to treat cancers and tumors. The objective of this study was to apply Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to quick identification of S. lyratum fourteen samples from its main geographic origins in China. The hierarchical dendrogram based on principal component analysis (PCA) of FTIR and TGA data showed that these samples could be divided into three ecotypes according to their geographic distances to the ocean: inland type, middle type and inshore type. Differences in cell compositions and structures by FTIR and TGA indicated that higher content of cell wall polysaccharides, hermo-oxidative degradation of hemicellulose (HODH) and degradation of lignin (DL) are appointed for inshore type compared to inland type and middle type. These indices (cell wall polysaccharides, HODH and DL) can be characteristic values for identifying S. lyratum from different region in China. The FTIR-TGA method, providing compositional and structural differences in their macromolecules in cell for the herbs rapidly and accurately, would be capable of further identification of other Chinese medicinal plant.

http://www.pomics.com/wang_5_6_2012_508_513.pdf

Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) for quick identification of Chinese herb Solanum lyratum

In this study, the chemical characteristics of wood are used for plant taxonomic classification based on the current Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification (APG III System) for the division, class and subclass of woody plants. Infrared spectra contain information about the molecular structure and intermolecular interactions among the components in wood, but the understanding of this information requires multivariate techniques for the analysis of highly dense data sets. This article is written with the purposes of specifying the chemical differences among taxonomic groups and predicting the taxa of unknown samples with a mathematical model. Principal component analysis, t test, stepwise discriminant analysis and linear discriminant analysis were some of the multivariate techniques chosen. A procedure to determine the division, class, subclass and order of unknown samples was built with promising implications for future applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in wood taxonomy classification.

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Application of chemometric analysis to infrared spectroscopy for the identification of wood origin

Quantitative classification of Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana (Theaceae) based on leaf and flower morphology.

FTIR spectra of Camellia sect. Oleifera, sect. Paracamellia, and sect. Camellia (Theaceae) with reference to their taxonomic significance

Relationships between students’ demographic characteristics, perceived naturalness and patterns of use associated with campus green space, and self-rated restoration and health

Ju-Fang Zheng

Papers

FTIR spectra of Camellia sect. Oleifera, sect. Paracamellia, and sect. Camellia (Theaceae) with reference to their taxonomic significance

Relationships between students’ demographic characteristics, perceived naturalness and patterns of use associated with campus green space, and self-rated restoration and health

The characteristics of plant clusters influence on the cooling effect: A case study in a subtropical Island Park, China

Emerging roles of phosphoinositide-associated membrane trafficking in plant stress responses.