Juan M. Hurle

TL;DR: Data suggest that, in addition to the proposed role for BMP-2 and OP-1 in the establishment of the anteroposterior axis of the limb, they may also play direct roles in limb morphogenesis: (i) in regulating the amount and spatial distribution of the undifferentiated prechondrogenic mesenchyme and (ii) in controlling the location of the joints and the diaphyses of the cartilaginous primordia of the long bones

TL;DR: Exogenous administration of recombinant Gremlin indicates that this protein is involved in the control of limb outgrowth and the anti-apoptotic influence of exogenous Gremlin, which results in the formation of soft tissue syndactyly in the chick, indicates that Gremlin regulates the regression of the interdigital tissue.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the spatial distribution of digital rays and interdigital spaces might be controlled by a patterned distribution of TGF beta s and BMPs in the mesoderm subjacent to the progress zone.

TL;DR: The role of BMPs in programmed cell death is confirmed here by the intense inhibitory effect of noggin on apoptosis, but the lack of correlation between changes in the pattern of cell death induced by treatment with the studied factors and the expression of either bmpR-1a or bmpB-1b genes suggest that a still-unidentified BMP receptor may account for this BMP function.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that Sox8, Sox9, and Sox10 have a cooperative function conferring chondrogenic competence to limb mesoderm in response to BMP signals, which would be responsible for the execution and maintenance of the cartilage differentiation program.