Aris N. Economides

TL;DR: A large number of extracellular proteins that bind BMPs and prevent their binding to signaling receptors have emerged, indicating the existence and need of local feedback mechanisms to temper BMP cellular activities.

TL;DR: Noggin has the expression pattern and activity expected of an endogenous neural inducer and acts at the appropriate stage to be an endogenous Neural inducing signal in Xenopus.

TL;DR: Gremlin belongs to a novel gene family that includes the head-inducing factor Cerberus and the tumor suppressor DAN and it is proposed that Gremlin, Cerberus, and DAN control diverse processes in growth and development by selectively antagonizing the activities of different subsets of the TGF beta ligands.

TL;DR: The development of a high-throughput and largely automated process that uses targeting vectors based on bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) that permits genetic alteration with nucleotide precision, is not limited by the size of desired deletions, does not depend on isogenicity or on positive–negative selection, and can precisely replace the gene of interest with a reporter that allows for high-resolution localization of target-gene expression.

TL;DR: The crystal structure of the antagonist Noggin bound to BMP-7 is reported, which shows that Nogsgin inhibits BMP signalling by blocking the molecular interfaces of the binding epitopes for both type I and type II receptors.