https://www.ibstreatmentcenter.com/Articles/ROMEIIIFBDpaper.pdf

Functional Bowel Disorders

The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population

With digital equipment becoming increasingly networked, either on wired or wireless networks, for personal and professional use alike, distributed software systems have become a crucial element in information and communications technologies. The study of these systems forms the core of the ARLES' work, which is specifically concerned with defining new system software architectures, based on the use of emerging networking technologies. In this context, we concentrate on the study of distributed systems which bring to life the vision of ubiquitous computing systems, also known as ambient intelligence.

반도체 공정 overview

Background Uncertainties exist about the prevalence and comorbidity of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders. Objective To present nationally representative data on the prevalence and comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol and drug use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders (including only those that are not substance induced and that are not due to a general medical condition). Design Face-to-face survey. Setting The United States. Participants Household and group quarters' residents. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence and associations of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders. Results The prevalences of 12-month DSM-IV independent mood and anxiety disorders in the US population were 9.21% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.78%-9.64%) and 11.08% (95% CI, 10.43%-11.73%), respectively. The rate of substance use disorders was 9.35% (95% CI, 8.86%-9.84%). Only a few individuals with mood or anxiety disorders were classified as having only substance-induced disorders. Associations between most substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders were positive and significant ( P Conclusions Substance use disorders and mood and anxiety disorders that develop independently of intoxication and withdrawal are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in the United States. Associations between most substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders were overwhelmingly positive and significant, suggesting that treatment for a comorbid mood or anxiety disorder should not be withheld from individuals with substance use disorders.

/pdf/prevalence-and-co-occurrence-of-substance-use-disorders-and-45sd77muz2.pdf

Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Chronic Opioid Therapy in Chronic Noncancer Pain

ContextCommon pain conditions appear to have an adverse effect on work, but
no comprehensive estimates exist on the amount of productive time lost in
the US workforce due to pain.ObjectiveTo measure lost productive time (absence and reduced performance due
to common pain conditions) during a 2-week period.Design and SettingCross-sectional study using survey data from the American Productivity
Audit (a telephone survey that uses the Work and Health Interview) of working
adults between August 1, 2001, and July 30, 2002.ParticipantsRandom sample of 28 902 working adults in the United States.Main Outcome MeasuresLost productive time due to common pain conditions (arthritis, back,
headache, and other musculoskeletal) expressed in hours per worker per week
and calculated in US dollars.ResultsThirteen percent of the total workforce experienced a loss in productive
time during a 2-week period due to a common pain condition. Headache was the
most common (5.4%) pain condition resulting in lost productive time. It was
followed by back pain (3.2%), arthritis pain (2.0%), and other musculoskeletal
pain (2.0%). Workers who experienced lost productive time from a pain condition
lost a mean (SE) of 4.6 (0.09) h/wk. Workers who had a headache had a mean
(SE) loss in productive time of 3.5 (0.1) h/wk. Workers who reported arthritis
or back pain had mean (SE) lost productive times of 5.2 (0.25) h/wk. Other
common pain conditions resulted in a mean (SE) loss in productive time of
5.5 (0.22) h/wk. Lost productive time from common pain conditions among active
workers costs an estimated $61.2 billion per year. The majority (76.6%) of
the lost productive time was explained by reduced performance while at work
and not work absence.ConclusionsPain is an inordinately common and disabling condition in the US workforce.
Most of the pain-related lost productive time occurs while employees are at
work and is in the form of reduced performance.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/197628/JOC31480.pdf

Lost Productive Time and Cost Due to Common Pain Conditions in the US Workforce

ContextEvidence consistently indicates that depression has adversely affected
work productivity. Estimates of the cost impact in lost labor time in the
US workforce, however, are scarce and dated.ObjectiveTo estimate the impact of depression on labor costs (ie, work absence
and reduced performance while at work) in the US workforce.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAll employed individuals who participated in the American Productivity
Audit (conducted August 1, 2001–July 31, 2002) between May 20 and July
11, 2002, were eligible for the Depressive Disorders Study. Those who responded
affirmatively to 2 depression-screening questions (n = 692), as well as a
1:4 stratified random sample of those responding in the negative (n = 435),
were recruited for and completed a supplemental interview using the Primary
Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Mood Module for depression, the Somatic
Symptom Inventory, and a medical and treatment history for depression. Excess
lost productive time (LPT) costs from depression were derived as the difference
in LPT among individuals with depression minus the expected LPT in the absence
of depression projected to the US workforce.Main Outcome MeasureEstimated LPT and associated labor costs (work absence and reduced performance
while at work) due to depression.ResultsWorkers with depression reported significantly more total health-related
LPT than those without depression (mean, 5.6 h/wk vs an expected 1.5 h/wk,
respectively). Eighty-one percent of the LPT costs are explained by reduced
performance while at work. Major depression accounts for 48% of the LPT among
those with depression, again with a majority of the cost explained by reduced
performance while at work. Self-reported use of antidepressants in the previous
12 months among those with depression was low (<30%) and the mean reported
treatment effectiveness was only moderate. Extrapolation of these survey results
and self-reported annual incomes to the population of US workers suggests
that US workers with depression employed in the previous week cost employers
an estimated $44 billion per year in LPT, an excess of $31 billion per year
compared with peers without depression. This estimate does not include labor
costs associated with short- and long-term disability.ConclusionsA majority of the LPT costs that employers face from employee depression
is invisible and explained by reduced performance while at work. Use of treatments
for depression appears to be relatively low. The combined LPT burden among
those with depression and the low level of treatment suggests that there may
be cost-effective opportunities for improving depression-related outcomes
in the US workforce.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/196767/joc30290.pdf

Cost of lost productive work time among US workers with depression.

The etiology and prognosis of chronic daily headache (CDH) are not well understood. The aim of this study is to describe factors that predict CDH onset or remission in an adult population. Potential cases (180+ headaches per year, n =1134) and controls (two to 104 headaches per year, n =798) were interviewed two times over an average 11 months of follow-up. Factors associated with CDH prevalence at baseline were evaluated. The incidence of CDH and risk factors for onset were assessed in controls whose headache frequency increased to 180+ per year at follow-up. Prognostic factors were assessed in CDH cases whose headache frequency fell at follow-up. CDH was more common in women, in whites, and those of less education. CDH cases were more likely to be previously married (divorced, widowed, separated), obese, and report a physician diagnosis of diabetes or arthritis. At follow-up, 3% of the controls reported 180 or more headaches per year. Obesity and baseline headache frequency were significantly associated with new onset CDH. In CDH cases, the projected 1-year remission rate to less than one headache per week was 14% and to less than 180 headaches per year was 57%. A better prognosis was associated with higher education, non-white race, being married, and with diagnosed diabetes. Individuals with less than a high-school education, whites, and those who were previously married had a higher risk of CDH at baseline and reduced likelihood of remission at follow-up. New onset CDH was associated with baseline headache frequency and obesity.

/pdf/factors-associated-with-the-onset-and-remission-of-chronic-1yiwdygin7.pdf

Factors associated with the onset and remission of chronic daily headache in a population-based study

The American Productivity Audit (APA) is a telephone survey of a random sample of 28,902 U.S. workers designed to quantify the impact of health conditions on work. Lost productive time (LPT) was measured for personal and family health reasons and expressed in hours and dollars. Health-related LPT cost employers 225.8 billion US dollars/year (1685 US dollars/employee per year); 71% is explained by reduced performance at work. Personal health LPT was 30% higher in females and twice as high in smokers (> or =1 pack/day) versus nonsmokers. Workers in high-demand, low-control jobs had the lowest average LPT/week versus the highest LPT for those in low-demand, high-control jobs. Family health-related work absence accounted for 6% of all health-related LPT. Health-related LPT costs are substantial but largely invisible to employers. Costs vary significantly by worker characteristics, suggesting that intervention needs vary by specific subgroups.

Lost productive work time costs from health conditions in the United States: results from the American Productivity Audit.

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate fatigue prevalence and associated health-related lost productive time (LPT) in U.S. workers. Methods: Fatigue prevalence, LPT due to fatigue, and LPT for any health-related reason (in hours and dollars) were measured in a national cross-sectional telephone survey of U.S. workers. Results: The 2-week period prevalence of fatigue was 37.9%. Of workers with fatigue, 65.7% reported health-related LPT compared with 26.4% of those without fatigue. Workers with fatigue cost employers $136.4 billion annually in health-related LPT, an excess of $101.0 billion compared with workers without fatigue. Fatigue frequently co-occurs with other conditions and, when present, is associated with a threefold increase, on average, in the proportion of workers with condition-specific LPT. Conclusions: Fatigue is prevalent in the U.S. workforce. When occurring with other health conditions, it is associated with significantly more condition-specific LPT. (J Occup Environ Med. 2007;49:1–10)

/pdf/fatigue-in-the-u-s-workforce-prevalence-and-implications-for-21v4dli2jr.pdf

Judith A. Ricci

Papers

Lost Productive Time and Cost Due to Common Pain Conditions in the US Workforce

Cost of lost productive work time among US workers with depression.

Factors associated with the onset and remission of chronic daily headache in a population-based study

Lost productive work time costs from health conditions in the United States: results from the American Productivity Audit.

Fatigue in the U.S. workforce: prevalence and implications for lost productive work time.