Emerging adulthood is proposed as a new conception of development for the period from the late teens through the twenties, with a focus on ages 18-25. A theoretical background is presented. Then evidence is provided to support the idea that emerging adulthood is a distinct period demographically, subjectively, and in terms of identity explorations. How emerging adulthood differs from adolescence and young adulthood is explained. Finally, a cultural context for the idea of emerging adulthood is outlined, and it is specified that emerging adulthood exists only in cultures that allow young people a prolonged period of independent role exploration during the late teens and twenties.

/pdf/emerging-adulthood-a-theory-of-development-from-the-late-48n8l4n0g7.pdf

Emerging adulthood. A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties.

Emerging adulthood is proposed as a new conception of development for the period from the late teens through the twenties, with a focus on ages 18-25. A theoretical background is presented, Then evidence is provided to support the idea that emerging adulthood is a distinct period demographically, subjectively, and in terms of identity explorations. How emerging adulthood differs from adolescence and young adulthood is explained. Finally, a cultural context for the idea of emerging adulthood is outlined, and it is specified that emerging adulthood exists only in cultures that allow young people a prolonged period of independent role. exploration during the late teens and twenties.

http://personal.tcu.edu/pwitt/emerging%20adults.pdf

A Theory of Development From the Late Teens Through the Twenties

Introduction 1. Woman's Place in Man's Life Cycle 2. Images of Relationship 3. Concepts of Self and Morality 4. Crisis and Transition 5. Women's Rights and Women's Judgment 6. Visions of Maturity References Index of Study Participants General Index

In a Different Voice. Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, MA (Harvard University Press) 1982.

The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations

SUMMARY The availability of an increasing number of antiretroviral agents and the rapid evolution of new information has introduced extraordinary complexity into the treatment of HIV-infected persons. In 1996, the Department of Health and Human Services and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation convened the Panel on Clinical Practices for the Treatment of HIV to develop guidelines for the clinical management of HIV-infected adults and adolescents. This report recommends that care should be supervised by an expert, and makes recommendations for laboratory monitoring including plasma HIV RNA, CD4 cell counts and HIV drug resistance testing. The report also provides guidelines for antiretroviral therapy, including when to start treatment, what drugs to initiate, when to change therapy, and therapeutic options when changing therapy. Special considerations are provided for adolescents and pregnant women. As with treatment of other chronic conditions, therapeutic decisions require a mutual understanding between the patient and the health care provider regarding the benefits and risks of treatment. Antiretroviral regimens are complex, have major side effects, pose difficulty with adherence, and carry serious potential consequences from the development of viral resistance due to non-adherence to the drug regimen or suboptimal levels of antiretroviral agents. Patient education and involvement in therapeutic

/pdf/guidelines-for-the-use-of-antiretroviral-agents-in-hiv-3wuv1pwax4.pdf

Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-infected adults and adolescents

Objective This investigation tested whether the timing of pubertal development was associated with concurrent and prior experiences of psychopathology (symptoms and disorders) in adolescent boys and girls. Method A large ( N = 1,709) community sample of high school students were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children as adapted for use in epidemiological studies. Adolescents also completed a questionnaire battery covering a range of psychosocial variables. Results Analyses tested whether pubertal timing was associated with present and lifetime history of mental disorders, psychological symptoms, and psychosocial functioning. As hypothesized, early-maturing girls and late-maturing boys showed more evidence of psychopathology than other same-gender adolescents. Conclusions Early-maturing girls had the poorest current and lifetime history of adjustment problems, indicating that this pattern of pubertal development merits attention by mental health providers and researchers.

Is psychopathology associated with the timing of pubertal development

Contents: Preface. Part I: Intrapersonal Transitions. R.M. Lerner, J.V. Lerner, A. von Eye, C.W. Ostrum, K. Nitz, R. Talwar-Soni, J.G. Tubman, Continuity and Discontinuity Across the Transition of Early Adolescence: A Developmental Contextual Perspective. J.A. Graber, A.C. Peterson, J. Brooks-Gunn, Pubertal Processes: Methods, Measures, & Models. Part II: Transitions in the Peer System and Social Behaviors. T.J. Berndt, Transitions in Friendship and Friends' Influence. J.L. Rodgers, Sexual Transitions in Adolescence. J.G. Bachman, L.D. Johnston, P.M. O'Malley, J. Schulenberg, Transitions in Drug Use During Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood. M.L. Sullivan, Developmental Transitions in Poor Youth: Delinquency and Crime. Part III: Transitions in the Family System. G.N. Holmbeck, A Model of Family Relational Transformations During the Transition to Adolescence: Parent-Adolescent Conflict and Adaptation. B.J. Cohler, J.S. Musick, Adolescent Parenthood and the Transition to Adulthood. C. Merriwether-de Vries, L.M. Burton, L. Eggeletion, Early Parenting and Intergenerational Family Relationships within African American Families. Part IV: School and Work Transitions. J.S. Eccles, S. Lord, C.M. Buchanan, School Transitions in Early Adolescence: What Are We Doing to Our Young People? F.A.J. Ianni, M.T. Orr, Dropping Out. K.S. Newman, Working Poor: Low-Wage Employment in the Lives of Harlem Youth. K.L. Bell, J.P. Allen, S.T. Hauser, T.G. O'Connor, Family Factors and Young Adult Transitions: Educational Attainment and Occupational Prestige. Part V: Summary. J.A. Graber, J. Brooks-Gunn, A.C. Petersen, Adolescent Transitions in Context.

Transitions through adolescence : interpersonal domains and context

Objective This investigation tested whether the timing of puberty continued to be associated with experiences of psychopathology (symptoms and disorders) from mid-adolescence into young adulthood. Method At age 24, 931 participants from a large community sample, who had been interviewed twice during adolescence, completed a telephone interview (assessing Axis I disorders and elevated antisocial and borderline personality traits) and a mailed questionnaire battery. Results Analyses tested whether pubertal timing was associated with lifetime and current history of mental disorders and psychosocial functioning in young adulthood. As expected, young women who had been early maturers had higher rates of lifetime history of disorder along with current elevation of psychosocial symptoms compared with women who were on-time maturers. Young men who had been late maturers, compared with other men, had elevated onset of disruptive behavior and substance use disorders during the transition to adulthood. Conclusions Early maturing females are at unique risk of persistent difficulty during adolescence and should be targeted for preventive efforts. Late maturation among males may be associated with a late-onset pathway for deviant behavior or substance abuse.

Is Pubertal Timing Associated With Psychopathology in Young Adulthood

In the past decade, much of the research on adolescent development has focused on the transitions that define and shape the experiences of adolescents. Several models are identified that have been useful in predicting and understanding behavioral and affective change at transitions, in particular, transitions occurring from middle childhood through adolescence. Some models are specific to particular transition points (such as pubertal development), whereas others may be applied more generally, even if they have only been tested for at a single transition. Of importance is how well the data fit each model and whether continuity in outcomes is predicted by the models across different transitions. Examples highlight research on how a specific transition, event, or ecological niche influences adolescent behavior and affect. To understand which individuals are affected by transitions and how transitions are navigated, more specific models are needed.

Transitions and turning points: Navigating the passage from childhood through adolescence.

Little prospective work has charted the onset and predictors of subclinical or clinical eating problems. Eating problems were studied in 116 adolescent girls drawn from a normal population of students enrolled in private schools in a major metropolitan area who have been followed longitudinally over an 8-year period from young adolescence to young adulthood. Over a quarter of the sample scored above the level identifying a serious eating problem at each of the 3 times of assessment (mean ages=14.3, 16.0, and 22.3 years)

Julia A. Graber

Papers

Is psychopathology associated with the timing of pubertal development

Transitions through adolescence : interpersonal domains and context

Is Pubertal Timing Associated With Psychopathology in Young Adulthood

Transitions and turning points: Navigating the passage from childhood through adolescence.

Prediction of eating problems: An 8-year study of adolescent girls.