The East Asian miracle: Economic growth and public policy: By the World Bank. (New York: Oxford University Press for the World Bank, 1993. 389 pp. $19.95, paper.)

Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology

The Social Contexts of Research. Edited by Saad Z. Nagi and Ronald G. Corwin. Pp. xii + 409. (John Wiley: New York and London, August 1972.) £5.65.

Sociology of Science

Social Stratification in Science

This paper surveys the existing fragmentary data on the growth of university-owned patents and university-invented patents in Europe. We find evidence that university patenting is growing, but this phenomenon remains heterogeneous across countries and disciplines. We found some evidence that university licensing is not profitable for most universities, although some do succeed in attracting substantial additional revenues. This might be due to the fact that patents and publications tend to go hand in hand. In a dynamic setting however, we fear that the increase in university patenting exacerbates differences across universities in terms of financial resources and research outcome.

University Patenting and its Effects on Academic Research: the Emerging European Evidence

This paper compares the role of innovation and economic performance across European and Latin American countries, using firm-level data from France, Spain, Switzerland, Argentina, Brazil and Mexico We implement a standard structural model linking R&D intensity, innovation and productivity We find evidence revealing structural differences between Europe and Latin America, but also the presence of heterogeneity within each In particular, firms tend to engage in innovation activities in order to achieve better economic performance on a similar basis among countries, but their interaction with national systems is weaker in developing countries The fact of being a foreign subsidiary of a foreign multinational is found to have a heterogeneous effect on innovativity, whereas it leads to increased productivity in every country

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1080%2F09578810802060777.pdf

Northern and southern innovativity: a comparison across European and Latin American countries

How to play the “Names Game”: Patent retrieval comparing different heuristics

What makes companies pursue an Open Science strategy

Robotics technology and the increasing sophistication of artificial intelligence are breakthrough innovations with significant growth prospects. They have the potential to disrupt existing socio-economic facets of everyday life. Yet few studies have analysed the development of robotics innovation. This paper closes this gap by analysing current developments in innovation in robotics; how it is diffused, and what role is played by intellectual property (IP). The paper argues that robotics clusters are mainly located in the US and Europe, despite a growing presence in South Korea and China. The robotics innovation ecosystem builds on cooperative networks of actors, including individuals, research institutions, and firms. Governments play a significant role in supporting robotics innovation through funding, military demand, and national robotics strategies. Robotics competitions and prizes provide for an important incentive to innovation. Patents are used to exclude third parties to secure freedom of operation, license technologies, and avoid litigation. The countries with the highest number of patent claims are Japan, China, South Korea, and the US. The growing stock of patents owned by universities and PROs, particularly in China, is noteworthy too. Automotive and electronics companies are still the largest patent filers, but medical technologies and the Internet are emerging as new actors in the field. Secrecy is often used as a tool to appropriate innovation. Copyright protection is relevant to robotics also, mainly for its role in protecting software. Finally, open-source robotics platforms are increasingly used in the early stages of the innovation process as they allow new actors in the robotics field to optimize their initial spending on innovation.

Robotics: Breakthrough Technologies, Innovation, Intellectual Property

matchit is a tool to join observations from two datasets based on string variables which do not necessarily need to be exactly the same. It performs many different string-based matching techniques, allowing for a fuzzy similarity between the two different text variables.

Julio Raffo

Papers

Northern and southern innovativity: a comparison across European and Latin American countries

How to play the “Names Game”: Patent retrieval comparing different heuristics

What makes companies pursue an Open Science strategy

Robotics: Breakthrough Technologies, Innovation, Intellectual Property

MATCHIT: Stata module to match two datasets based on similar text patterns