The recent literature concerning the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has been reviewed. The MCE properties have been compiled and correlations have been made comparing the behaviours of the different families of magnetic materials which exhibit large or unusual MCE values. These families include: the lanthanide (R) Laves phases (RM2, where M = Al, Co and Ni), Gd5(Si1−xGex)4 ,M n(As1−xSbx), MnFe(P1−xAsx), La(Fe13−xSix) and their hydrides and the manganites (R1−xMxMnO3, where R = lanthanide and M = Ca, Sr and Ba). The potential for use of these materials in magnetic refrigeration is discussed, including a comparison with Gd as a near room temperature active magnetic regenerator material. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/68/6/R04/pdf

Recent developments in magnetocaloric materials

Thank you for reading numerical heat transfer and fluid flow. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this numerical heat transfer and fluid flow, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious virus inside their computer. numerical heat transfer and fluid flow is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the numerical heat transfer and fluid flow is universally compatible with any devices to read.

Numerical Heat Transfer And Fluid Flow

Concentrated solar thermal power generation is becoming a very attractive renewable energy production system among all the different renewable options, as it has have a better potential for dispatchability. This dispatchability is inevitably linked with an efficient and cost-effective thermal storage system. Thus, of all components, thermal storage is a key one. However, it is also one of the less developed. Only a few plants in the world have tested high temperature thermal energy storage systems. In this paper, the different storage concepts are reviewed and classified. All materials considered in literature or plants are listed. And finally, modellization of such systems is reviewed.

State of the art on high temperature thermal energy storage for power generation. Part 1—Concepts, materials and modellization

Discrete particle simulation of particulate systems: A review of major applications and findings

Thermal energy storage technologies and systems for concentrating solar power plants

Macroscopic flow phenomena play important roles not only for improving productivity and energy efficiency but also for achieving the stable operation in metallurgical and chemical reactors. This review paper deals with flow phenomena of four fluids which are single-phase or multi-phase flow of gas, fine particles, liquid and packed particles. In some previous researches on the multi-phase flow, fundamental equations were derived for a continuous fluid phase and dispersed phases with different types of modeling. However, in this paper, continuous flow was assumed for each phase in the derivation of the equation of motion for obtaining the numerical solution. The model has been applied to the simulation of not only four phase flows but also one to three phase flows. Typical examples for application will be described for several processes.

Mathematical Modeling of the Flow of Four Fluids in a Packed Bed.

Currently low reducing agent operation of blast furnace has been actively pursued in ironmaking due to the global warming. The precise and reliable control of blast furnace aiming at the low reducing operation is required to attain smoothly the stable operation. It is considered that the mathematical model on the ironmaking process can play an important role to ensure the stable blast furnace operation. A mathematical model is a powerful tool to improve conventional processes and to design new processes in ironmaking. These tendencies and requirements are common to every country. Thus, the development of advanced mathematical models of blast furnace like DEM (Discrete Element Method) has attracted a special attention in ironmaking field. Moreover, the combined model of DEM with the continuum model is under development for the purpose of the accurate understanding of inner state of blast furnace. In this paper, the recent activity and progress on the development of advanced mathematical model of blast furnace and future perspective for desirable model are described.

/pdf/recent-progress-and-future-perspective-on-mathematical-3f1gahrr7y.pdf

Recent Progress and Future Perspective on Mathematical Modeling of Blast Furnace

A two dimensional mathematical model is developed describing four phase chemical reactions, motion, and heat transfer in the blast furnace. The four phases are gas, lump solid, liquid and powder. The model simultaneously calculates the steady state composition, velocity, temperature, and volume fraction of all four phases. The predicted gas, solid and liquid phase compositions are plausible, but the fines dynamic holdup distribution is sensitive to the fines consumption processes in the raceway. The model has also been extended to include silicon transfer reactions. Compared to the base calculations, the predicted cohesive zone position is higher and the bosh is cooler when silicon transfer is included. The model predicts SiO generation from both coke ash silica and molten silica, the latter being the main contributor to hot metal silicon content in the case considered.

/pdf/a-mathematical-model-for-blast-furnace-reaction-analysis-wadn3pz3tf.pdf

A mathematical model for blast furnace reaction analysis based on the four fluid model

A two dimensional mathematical model is developed describing four phase motion and heat transfer in the blast furnace. The four phases are gas, lump solid, liquid and powder. The model includes simple representations of the major chemical reactions and physical structures within the furnace. It calculates the steady state velocity, temperature and volume fractions of all four phases. The model is able to allow for the influence of the behaviour of each phase on that of every other phase. In particular, it can predict how the behaviour of one phase may change in response to a modification to another phase's behaviour.

A Mathematical Model of Four Phase Motion and Heat Transfer in the Blast Furnace

At the present molten slag from a blast furnace (B.F.) is granulated by impinging much water without any recovery of its much sensible heat (1 823 K), polluting water and atmosphere. To solve these problems, we studied the dry granulation of molten slag by Rotary Cup Atomizer (RCA), in which the influence of the rotating speed of the RCA on slag drop size was mainly examined. In the experiment, the molten B.F. slag was supplied to the center of RCA with air blast. Slag drops flown from the cup lip due to centrifugal force were collected and examined from viewpoints of shape, dimension and the flown distance of the drop. Most significantly, molten slag was successfully granulated under the dry conditions without water impingement. The rotating speed of the RCA influenced the diameter and shape of slag drop very strongly. The higher rotating speed made the slag drops smaller, more spherical and more uniform. Drops with 5 to 6 mm of average dimension were obtained at the rotating speed of 15 rps (900 rpm), and drops with less than 1 mm, at that of 50 rps (3 000 rpm). In the former case, the shape of drop obtained was distributed, changing from sphere to stick at the further place from the center of RCA. The results revealed a possibility of alternative, new slag granulation process with many benefits.

Jun-ichiro Yagi

Papers

Mathematical Modeling of the Flow of Four Fluids in a Packed Bed.

Recent Progress and Future Perspective on Mathematical Modeling of Blast Furnace

A mathematical model for blast furnace reaction analysis based on the four fluid model

A Mathematical Model of Four Phase Motion and Heat Transfer in the Blast Furnace

Feasibility of Rotary Cup Atomizer for Slag Granulation