Sahidin A, Zahidah, Herawati H, Wardiatno Y, Setyobudiandi I, Partasasmita R. 2018. Macrozoobenthos as bioindicator of ecological status in Tanjung Pasir Coastal, Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1123-1129. The existence of macrozoobenthos organism allow for bioindicator of ecological status and detected water pollution in coastal environment with observing the response, diversity, and abundance. The one of biological method for water quality analysis is AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI). This research aims to determine water quality status in Tanjung Pasir water coastal Tangerang, Banten. The research was conducted in April - August 2014 in Tanjung Pasir Coastal, Tanggerang, Banten with purposive sampling method and be forwarded with water pollution analysis with AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) model. The research showed 4.552 individual of macrozoobenthos found divided into 52 species with the average of diversity amount 634 ind./m2 with dominated by bivalve species Nuculana bicuspidate  22.89%, it is a bivalve an extreme species that can live in waters with very low oxygen concentrations and hight pollution. The result of AMBI (4.01 to 5.02) indicates water pollution in Tanjung Pasir Coastal classified in medium-heavy pollution and concentred in coastal zone. Polychaeta is a key bioindicator in the determination of water pollution and ecological status in Tanjung Pasir coastal.

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Macrozoobenthos as bioindicator of ecological status in Tanjung Pasir Coastal, Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia

The worm Dendronereis pinnaticirris is used as feed of shrimp broodstock in a hatchery, mainly because of its availability in the local market, and its nutritional content required for improving gonad maturation and post larvae production. The important economic value of the worm and the increasing demand for feed in shrimp hatcheries have led to an intense exploitation that suppers its population and the sustainability of the whole estuarine ecosystem. The study, which represents the starting point of large-scale production of the polychaete worm by culture in the artificial system, shall be undertaken. Accordingly, a production study using D. pinnaticirris juvenile was carried out under controlled conditions fed with two different feed (feed contains mainly plant protein and animal protein, respectively), and kept in three different substrates (substrate consists of mud and 8.78%, 37.34%, 39.17% sand, respectively). The treatments were arranged according to randomized completely block design in 8 (eight) replicates. The survival rate, body weight increment and growth, oxygen consumption, proximate body chemical, and fatty acid contents were measured. The results showed that g rowth and oxygen consumption was significantly influenced by a substrate and feed type (P <0.05). Worms on the mud substrate with 39.17% sand, and feed containing vegetable protein showed the highest oxygen consumption.  Survival rate and chemical body content were not significantly influenced by the type of substrate and feed (P<0.05). The protein content of the worm was 32.02-43.81%, while fat content was 2.41-9.89%. Twenty different fatty acids were identified in the worm of all treatment groups.

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Survival Rate, Growth And Chemical Content of Dendronereis pinnaticirris (Polychaeta, Nereidae) In Maintenance With Different Food And Substrate

Financial statements manipulation was a fraud form which is generally difficult to detect. The study was intended to analyze fraud pentagon elements in detecting fraudulent financial statements. The research population was all financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2018 period. Purposive sampling technique was used to determine the research sample and data analysis techniques used multiple regression. Based on the test results, it shows the financial set has a positive positive effect on fraudulent financial statements and the number of audit committee meetings that reflect effectiveness has a negative effect on fraudulent financial statements. The study results also contribute to the fraud pentagon theory and provide evidence that elements on fraud pentagon model can be used to detect fraudulent financial statements.

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Application of fraud pentagon in detecting financial statement fraud

Biochemical composition (protein, lipids, carbohydrates and moisture content) and fatty acid profile of the Nereis sp. was analyzed on dry weight basis in relation to maturity stages. Hatchery bred polychaetes (Nereis sp.) were procured and segregated into four size groups based on the oocyte diameter as immature (4.0 9.0 cm), early maturing (9.1-13.0 cm), late maturing (13.1-16.0 cm) and matured (16.0 cm and above). With the increase in maturity stages/size groups, the oocyte diameter was found to increase in size with a minimum of 9.48 μm (immature) to a maximum of 325.82 μm (matured). The amount of protein was found to be maximum (74.47±1.08%) in immature group and minimum (49.3±0.85%) in matured. Percentage of lipid gradually increased from immature to late maturing group but in matured group it was considerably reduced. Carbohydrate composition was almost same in all the groups ranging from 2.16±0.07 to 2.12±0.06%. Interestingly, fatty acid profile of Nereis sp. revealed significant differences among the various size groups. MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acid) was the most abundant fatty acid constituting about 47% to 53% of the total fatty acid. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) content was found to be increased with the increase in size group. Among PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acid), arachidonic acid was the most dominant fatty acid and with the increase in maturity the concentration of PUFA declined abruptly. Present study led to an understanding of why polychaetes and especially Nereis sp. is one of the most important food sources in aquaculture sector worldwide.

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Biochemical studies on the live feed polychaete, Nereis sp., in relation to maturity stages

Microplastics (the term for plastics at sizes of <5 mm) might be introduced into the environment from domestic or agricultural activities or from the breakdown of plastic pieces, particles, and debris that are bigger in size. Their presence in the aquatic environment has caused accumulation problems, as microplastics do not easily break down and can be digested by some aquatic organisms. This study was conducted to screen and monitor the level of microplastic pollution in polychaete worms using pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The study was conducted in Setiu Wetlands, Malaysia from November 2015 to January 2017 at five-month intervals and covered all monsoon changes. Results from physical and visual analyses indicated that a total number of 371.4 ± 20.2 items/g microplastics were retrieved from polychaete for all seasons, in which, the majority comprised transparent microplastics (49.87%), followed by brown with 138.3 ± 13.6 items/g (37.24%), 21.7 ± 1.9 items/g for blue (5.84%), and 12.9 ± 1.1 items/g for black (3.47%), while the remaining were green and grey-red colors. Statistical analysis using Kruskal–Wallis showed insignificant differences (p > 0.05) between the sampling station and period for the presence of a microplastics amount. Most of the microplastics were found in fiber form (81.5%), whereas the remaining comprised fragment (18.31%) and film (0.19%) forms. Further analysis with Py-GC/MS under a selective ion monitoring mode indicated that pyrolytic products and fragment ions for a variety of polymers, such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, and polymethylmethacrylate, were detected. This study provides an insightful application of Py-GC/MS techniques for microplastics monitoring, especially when dealing with analytical amounts of samples.

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Utilizing Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Monitoring and Analytical Characterization of Microplastics in Polychaete Worms

The aim of this research was to know waterbirds diversity in the Peniti mangrove forest, Pontianak Regency. This research was found 19 species (9 families) of waterbirds that living in the Peniti mangrove forest, Pontianak Regency, West Kalimantan. This identification showed that four species were member of Sternitidae Family, three species were member of Ardeidae Family, other three species were member of Anatidae Family, two species were member of Laridae Family, two species from Accipritidae Family, and Alcedinidae Family. One species from Ciconidae Family, Scolopacidae Family, and Ploceidae Family. Thirteen species of them were protected in Indonesia; there were Egretta garzetta, E. sacra, Ardea cinerea, Ciconia episcopus, Larus ridibundus, L. brunnicephalus, Sterna sumatrana, S. dougallii, Anous minutus, Gygis alba, Halcyon pileata, Todirhamphus chloris, and Lonchura fuscans. Lochura fuscans was belonging to Indonesian endemic birds, because we only found this bird species in Kalimantan Islands. Two species, Haliaetus leucogaster and Haliastur indus were the International protected species according to Appendix II Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: waterbirds, protected, endemic, species.

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Waterbirds diversity in Peniti mangrove forest, Pontianak Regency

. Junardi, Anggraeni T, Ridwan A, Yowono E. 2020. Larval development of nypa palm worm Namalycastis rhodochorde (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Nusantara Bioscience 12: 148-153. Namalycastis intensive culture is still facing problems in mass production due to limited information on reproduction, especially in fertilization and production of larvae. The present research was designated to find out optimum salinity for fertilization and the production of nypa palm worm larvae (Namalycastis rhodochorde). Gamete samples were collected using a capillary glass tube inserted into ventro-lateral part of a body segment of a mature worm. Artificial fertilization was done by mixing the sperms and oocytes in a fertilization dish containing sterilized seawater as the medium. The larval development was observed until the benthic phase larvae (3-setigers). Fertilization was performed in medium salinity of 7-21‰ and water temperature of 25-29°C. The cleavage and larva stage occurred respectively within 28.20 to 58.67 minutes and within 72 to 80 hours after fertilization. The fertilization and larval development of N. rhodochorde were highly influenced by the medium salinity and temperature.

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Larval development of nypa palm worm Namalycastis rhodochorde (Polychaeta: Nereididae)

The research was conducted in the mangrove coastal water in Peniti, West Kalimantan. Peniti mangrove coastal water has high species richness and diversity of polychaetes. We have collected 43 species of polychaetes. Most of them are deposit feeders with Dodecaceria sp. and Sternaspis scutata showed highest abundance among all species. The substrate characteristic was muddy-clay and the high carbonorganic content.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Polychaete, substrate characteristic, community structure, mangrove.

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Community structure and substrate characteristic of marine worm (polychaete) in mangrove coastal water Peniti, West Kalimantan

The Nypha Palm Worm Namalycastis rhodochorde has been used as bait for fishing in Pontianak. Culturing the worm is one potential effort for its commercialization as well as to overcome the overexploitation of the worm which also brings about the degradation of its natural habitat. Samples of the worm were collected from mangrove forest area in Sungai Kakap, West Kalimantan. Fresh sample of gametes from coelomic fluid were observed carefully under compound microscope to determine phase of gamete development. Oogenesis consisted of three consecutive stages namely immature, submature, and mature with ≤40 μm, 40<x<120 μm, and ≥120 μm in diameter, respectively. The spermatogenesis phases consisted of, spermatogonia, spermatid tetrad and spermatozoa.

Gametogenesis of Nypha Palm Worm Namalycastis rhodochorde (Polychaeta: Nereididae)

The coastal use causes the change of water quality.  As a result it affects the change of its biological composition, such as sea worm from the genus of Polychaete.  Sea worm is very sensitive against the change of water quality and its substrates, so that its’ diversity indices and radiation patterns can be used as an indicator of environmental quality.  The research done in year 2000 was conducted in four coastal village situated in eastern coastal of South Lampung in which three sampling stations chosen based on the GPS Garmin II+.    The results show that in all stations the diversity indices (of Shannon-Wiener) of the sea worm are quite high (H’ > 2.5) and most of the radiation patterns are clustered ( Id > 1). Keywords : Polychaete, diversity indices, radiation patterns

Junardi Junardi

Papers

Waterbirds diversity in Peniti mangrove forest, Pontianak Regency

Larval development of nypa palm worm Namalycastis rhodochorde (Polychaeta: Nereididae)

Community structure and substrate characteristic of marine worm (polychaete) in mangrove coastal water Peniti, West Kalimantan

Gametogenesis of Nypha Palm Worm Namalycastis rhodochorde (Polychaeta: Nereididae)

Keanekaragaman dan Pola Penyebaran Genus Cacing Laut Polychaeta di Pantai Timur, Lampung Selatan