A ceramic fuel cell in an all solid-state energy conversion device that produces electricity by electrochemically combining fuel and oxidant gases across an ionic conducting oxide. Current ceramic fuel cells use an oxygen-ion conductor or a proton conductor as the electrolyte and operate at high temperatures (>600°C). Ceramic fuel cells, commonly referred to as solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), are presently under development for a variety of power generation applications. This paper reviews the science and technology of ceramic fuel cells and discusses the critical issues posed by the development of this type of fuel cell. The emphasis is given to the discussion of component materials (especially, ZrO2 electrolyte, nickel/ZrO2 cermet anode, LaMnO3 cathode, and LaCrO3 interconnect), gas reactions at the electrodes, stack designs, and processing techniques used in the fabrication of required ceramic structures.

Ceramic Fuel Cells

Recent worldwide interest in building a decentralized, hydrogen-based energy economy has refocused attention on the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) as a potential source of efficient, environmentally friendly, fuel-versatile electric power. Due to its high operating temperature, the SOFC offers several potential advantages over polymer-based fuel cells, including reversible electrode reactions, low internal resistance, high tolerance to typical catalyst poisons, production of high-quality waste heat for (among other uses) reformation of hydrocarbon fuels, as well as the possibility of burning hydrocarbon fuels directly. Today, SOFCs are much closer to commercial reality than they were 20 years ago, due largely to technological advances in electrode material composition, microstructure control, thin-film ceramic fabrication, and stack and system design. These advances have led to dozens of active SOFC development programs in both stationary and mobile power and contributed to commercialization or development in a number of related technologies, including gas sensors,1 solid-state electrolysis devices,2 and iontransport membranes for gas separation and partial oxidation.3 Many reviews are available which summarize the technological advances made in SOFCs over the last 15-35 yearssreaders who are primarily interested in knowing the state-of-the art in materials, design, and fabrication (including the electrodes) are encouraged to consult these reviews.4-12 This review focuses on the factors governing SOFC cathode performancesadvances we have made over † Dedicated to Brian Steele, 1929-2003. Researcher, Entrepreneur, Consensus Seeker. 4791 Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 4791−4843

Factors Governing Oxygen Reduction in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes

Despite being first demonstrated over 160 years ago, and offering significant environmental benefits and high electrical efficiency, it is only in the last two decades that fuel cells have offered a realistic prospect of being commercially viable. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) offers great promise and is presently the subject of intense research activity. Unlike other fuel cells the SOFC is a solid-state device which operates at elevated temperatures. This review discusses the particular issues facing the development of a high temperature solid-state fuel cell and the inorganic materials currently used and under investigation for such cells, together with the problems associated with operating SOFCs on practical hydrocarbon fuels.

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Solid oxide fuel cells

Progress in material selection for solid oxide fuel cell technology: A review

Structure and electrical properties of La1−xSrxCo1−yFeyO3. Part 1. The system La0.8Sr0.2Co1−yFeyO3

The conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of the perovskite-type oxides La 1−x Sr x CoO 3− δ (x=0-0.7) were measured in 10 −5 -1 atm O 2 gas at temperatures 25 o -1000 o C. The results are discussed in relation to the lattice-parameter and oxygen nonstoichiometry

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.2097187/pdf

Electrical Conductivity and Seebeck Coefficient of Nonstoichiometric La1 − x Sr x CoO3 − δ

Electrical properties of La2−x, Srx,CoO4—I: Structure, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient of single crystals x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5)

Electrical properties of La2−xSrxCoO4—II: Models and analysis of the relationship between cobalt 3d electron state and structural, electrical and magnetic properties

Junji Tabuchi

Papers

Electrical Conductivity and Seebeck Coefficient of Nonstoichiometric La1 − x Sr x CoO3 − δ

Electrical properties of La2−x, Srx,CoO4—I: Structure, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient of single crystals x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5)

Electrical properties of La2−xSrxCoO4—II: Models and analysis of the relationship between cobalt 3d electron state and structural, electrical and magnetic properties