Sources and properties of non-exhaust particulate matter from road traffic: a review.

https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/portal/files/11961623/Estimation_of_the_Contribution_of_Road_Traffic_Emissions_V3_PostPrint.pdf

Estimation of the contribution of road traffic emissions to particulate matter concentrations from field measurements: A review

Emission of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed as US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) priority pollutants from major sources in China were compiled Geographical distribution and temporal change of the PAH emission, as well as emission profiles, are discussed It was estimated that the total PAH emission in China was 25 300 tons in 2003 The emission profile featured a relatively higher portion of high molecular weight (HMW) species with carcinogenic potential due to large contributions of domestic coal and coking industry Among various sources, biomass burning, domestic coal combustion, and coking industry contributed 60%, 20%, and 16% of the total emission, respectively Total emission, emission density, emission intensity, and emission per capita showed geographical variations In general, the southeastern provinces were characterized by higher emission density, while those in western and northern China featured higher emission intensity and population-normalized emission A

Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in China.

Tire wear particles in the aquatic environment - A review on generation, analysis, occurrence, fate and effects.

This section is composed of three basic subareas: combined sewer overflows (CSOs), sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs), and stormwater discharges. Much of the literature cited came from documents covering noteworthy global conferences (Bathala, 1996; Engineering Foundation, 1996; Hallam et al., 1996; Maxwell et al., 1996; Sieker and Verworn [Eds.], 1996; Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1996; U.S. EPA 1996a; Water Environment Federation, 1996a,b,c). In addition, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) published guidance documents (U.S. EPA, 1996,c,d,e), which are discussed in more detail in the subsection Regulatory Policies and Financial Aspects.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/29763265.pdf

Urban wet-weather flows

This is the first publication on the distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in riverine and coastal sediments in South East Asia where the rapid transfer of land-based pollutants into aquatic environments by heavy rainfall and runoff waters is of great concern. Twenty-nine Malaysian riverine and coastal sediments were analyzed for PAHs (3-7 rings) by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Total PAHs concentrations in the sediment ranged from 4 to 924 ng/g. Alkylated homologues were abundant for all sediment samples. The ratio of the sum of methylphenanthrenes to phenanthrene (MP/P), an index of petrogenic PAHs contribution, was more than unity for 26 sediment samples and more than 3 for seven samples for urban rivers covering a broad range of locations. The MP/P ratio showed a strong correlation with the total PAHs concentrations, with an r2 value of 0.74. This ratio and all other compositional features indicated that Malaysian urban sediments are heavily impacted by petrogenic PAHs. This finding is in contrast to other studies reported in many industrialized countries where PAHs are mostly of pyrogenic origin. The MP/P ratio was also significantly correlated with higher molecular weight PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene, suggesting unique PAHs source in Malaysia which contains both petrogenic PAHs and pyrogenic PAHs. PAHs and hopanes fingerprints indicated that used crankcase oil is one of the major contributors of the sedimentary PAHs. Two major routes of inputs to aquatic environments have been identified: (1) spillage and dumping of waste crankcase oil and (2) leakage of crankcase oils from vehicles onto road surfaces, with the subsequent washout by street runoff. N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolamine (NCBA), a molecular marker of street dust, was detected in the polluted sediments. NCBA and other biomarker profiles confirmed our hypothesis of the input from street dust contained the leaked crankcase oil. The fingerprints excluded crude oil, fresh lubricating oil, asphalt, and tire-particles as major contributors.

/pdf/distribution-of-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-pahs-in-39blttru85.pdf

Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rivers and estuaries in Malaysia: a widespread input of petrogenic PAHs.

Wash-off and sorptive behaviors of two benzothiazolamines (BTs) [i.e., 2-(4-morpholinyl)benzothiazole (24MoBT) and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolamine (NCBA)] have been investigated as possible molecular markers for tire debris and/or road dust transported in highway runoff water. Sum of dissolved and particulate 24MoBT and NCBA concentra tions in runoff water ranged from 15 to 417ng/L and from 22 to 508ng/L, respectively. Proportions of NCBA in particulate (>0.7μm) phase (<9−79%) were larger than that of 24MoBT (<1−14%), which was consistent with their experimentally determined octanol/water partition coefficients (Kow; 104.23±0.14 for NCBA; 102.42±0.03 for 24MoBT). The organic carbon-normalized in-situ partition coefficient (Koc‘) observed in runoff events (104.69±0.28 for NCBA; 103.42±0.23 for 24MoBT) were 1 order of magnitude higher than those expected from their Kow, indicating strong affinity of BTs to suspended particulate matter (SPM) in runoff water. Furthermore, in desorption experiments lasting 24...

Benzothiazolamines as tire-derived molecular markers: sorptive behavior in street runoff and application to source apportioning.

This is the first report to reveal the particle–water distribution of nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) and to discuss their potential risks and utility as indicators of diesel vehicle exhaust particles (DEP). Time-series samples of runoff were collected from a highway, and NPAHs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to study their dynamic behavior. The concentrations of total NPAHs ranged from 11 to 73 ng/L in particulate phase (>0.7 µm) and from 2.3 to 4.9 ng/L in dissolved phase (<0.7 µm). Like their PAH analogs, most (81–97%) NPAHs were associated with particulate matter. The organic carbon-normalized in situ partition coefficients (Koc′) of NPAHs observed in runoff events (105.8–6.3 for 2-nitrofluoranthene and 105.8–6.2 for 1-nitropyrene [1-NP]) were more than 1 order of magnitude higher than those expected from their Kow, indicating great affinity for particulate matter such as soot. Concentrations of PAHs and NPAHs ad...

Sorptive behavior of nitro-PAHs in street runoff and their potential as indicators of diesel vehicle exhaust particles.

Water-Particle Distribution of Hydrophobic Micro Pollutants in Storm Water Runoff

環境試料中に含まれる多種多様な環境ホルモンを包括的に分析する方法を開発した.検討試料としては堆積物を用い,アルキルフェノール類,フタル酸エステル類,ビスフェノールA,多環芳香族炭化水素類,コプラナーPCB類,DDT類を測定対象とした.試料中の各成分は有機溶媒により抽出し,2種のシリカゲルカラム及び活性炭カラムにより精製・分離し,各画分をGC/MSもしくはGC-ECDで測定した.測定結果よりきょう雑物の影響もなく,ほぼすべての成分について回収率及び再現性も良好であった.本法の有用性を明らかにするために,東京湾で採取された堆積物2g(乾燥重量)を本法を用いて分析した.その結果上記の成分が乾燥重量当たり数百pg/gから百数十ng/gの範囲で検出され,本法が量的制限のある試料の分析に有用であることが確認された.

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bunsekikagaku1952/48/6/48_6_535/_pdf

Junya Yamada

Papers

Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rivers and estuaries in Malaysia: a widespread input of petrogenic PAHs.

Benzothiazolamines as tire-derived molecular markers: sorptive behavior in street runoff and application to source apportioning.

Sorptive behavior of nitro-PAHs in street runoff and their potential as indicators of diesel vehicle exhaust particles.

Water-Particle Distribution of Hydrophobic Micro Pollutants in Storm Water Runoff

Broad-spectrum analysis of endocrine disruptors in environmental samples.