Recent developments and technological advancements in wireless communication, MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) technology and integrated circuits has enabled low-power, intelligent, miniaturized, invasive/non-invasive micro and nano-technology sensor nodes strategically placed in or around the human body to be used in various applications, such as personal health monitoring. This exciting new area of research is called Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) and leverages the emerging IEEE 802.15.6 and IEEE 802.15.4j standards, specifically standardized for medical WBANs. The aim of WBANs is to simplify and improve speed, accuracy, and reliability of communication of sensors/actuators within, on, and in the immediate proximity of a human body. The vast scope of challenges associated with WBANs has led to numerous publications. In this paper, we survey the current state-of-art of WBANs based on the latest standards and publications. Open issues and challenges within each area are also explored as a source of inspiration towards future developments in WBANs.

Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey

Computer communications

When distributed systems first appeared, they were programmed in traditional sequential languages, usually with the addition of a few library procedures for sending and receiving messages. As distributed applications became more commonplace and more sophisticated, this ad hoc approach became less satisfactory. Researchers all over the world began designing new programming languages specifically for implementing distributed applications. These languages and their history, their underlying principles, their design, and their use are the subject of this paper.We begin by giving our view of what a distributed system is, illustrating with examples to avoid confusion on this important and controversial point. We then describe the three main characteristics that distinguish distributed programming languages from traditional sequential languages, namely, how they deal with parallelism, communication, and partial failures. Finally, we discuss 15 representative distributed languages to give the flavor of each. These examples include languages based on message passing, rendezvous, remote procedure call, objects, and atomic transactions, as well as functional languages, logic languages, and distributed data structure languages. The paper concludes with a comprehensive bibliography listing over 200 papers on nearly 100 distributed programming languages.

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Programming languages for distributed computing systems

It has been pointed out that inheritance and synchronization constraints in concurrent object systems often con ict with each other, resulting in inheritance anomaly where re-de nitions of inherited methods are necessary in order to maintain the integrity of concurrent objects. The anomaly is serious, as it could nullify the bene ts of inheritance altogether. Several proposals have been made for resolving the anomaly; however, we argue that those proposals su er from the incompleteness which allows room for counterexamples. We give an overview and the analysis of inheritance anomaly, and review several proposals for minimizing the unwanted e ect of this phenomenon. In particular, we propose (partial) solutions using (1) computational re ection, and (2) transactions in OOCP languages.

Analysis of inheritance anomaly in object-oriented concurrent programming languages

Fieldbus technology in industrial automation is not only relatively complex because of the number of solutions possible, but also, and above all, because of the variety of applications. Ironically, these in turn are responsible for the multitude of solutions available. If the analysis of the basic needs is relatively standard, as they will always involve connecting sensors, actuators, and field controllers with each other, the options in architecture are numerous and can impose the need for certain services. The required performances themselves and the QoS expected fundamentally depend on the applications. This paper traces this technology from its beginnings, which go back to the first industrial networks in the 1970s. The principal stages of development are recounted, from the initial requirement specifications to the current state of international standardization. The diverse technical solutions are then analyzed and classified. In particular, we study the temporal aspects, the medium access control protocols, and application relationships.

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00000807/document

Fieldbus Technology in Industrial Automation

In this paper, we present an integrated system concept for the living assistance domain based on ambient intelligence technology and discuss the resulting challenges for the software engineering discipline. Automated living assistance systems represent a promising approach for the prolongation of an independent and self-conducted life of handicapped and elderly people thereby, enhancing their quality of life and minimizing the need for manual social/medical care. It is demonstrated that living assistance systems must realize flexibility and adaptability at the algorithmic, architectural and human interface level to an extent unknown in present systems. The construction of robust, trustworthy living assistance systems is an extremely challenging task and requires novel approaches for dependable self-adapting software architectures, resource efficiency, and self-adapting multi-modal human-computer interfaces. The resulting consequences and challenges for the discipline of software engineering are outlined in this paper.

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Living assistance systems: an ambient intelligence approach

This paper gives an overview of the INCAS (INCremental Architecture for distributed Systems) multicomputer project, which aims at the development of a comprehensive methodology for the design and implementation of locally distributed systems. A structuring concept for distributed operating systems has been developed and integrated into the system implementation language LADY. The concurrent high-level programming language CSSA, based on the actor model, has been designed for the implementation of distributed applications. A substantial effort in the INCAS project is directed towards the development of a distributed test methodology. An experimental system has been implemented on a network of ten MC68000 microcomputers. Preliminary experience with the methodology has been gained from a small number of prototype applications.

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Key Concepts of the INCAS Multicomputer Project

Reading is a hobby to open the knowledge windows. Besides, it can provide the inspiration and spirit to face this life. By this way, concomitant with the technology development, many companies serve the e-book or book in soft file. The system of this book of course will be much easier. No worry to forget bringing the operating systems of the 90s and beyond book. You can open the device and get the book by on-line.

Operating Systems of the 90s and Beyond

– this proposition maycome as a surprise to some. That technological change ingeneral, and modern information technology in particular,tend to place unreasonable demands on older people ratherthan providing support is a widespread notion. The contri-butions to this special issue, which stem from an interdis-ciplinaryconferenceonagingandtechnologyorganizedbythe German

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Aging and Technology – Friends, not Foes

The MOSKITO kernel is a distributed operating system kernel designed as a runtime basis for distributed applications. The flexible and efficient mechanisms for interrupt processing offered at the kernel interface make MOSKITO particularly attractive for real time applications.

Jürgen Nehmer

Papers

Living assistance systems: an ambient intelligence approach

Key Concepts of the INCAS Multicomputer Project

Operating Systems of the 90s and Beyond

Aging and Technology – Friends, not Foes

Design Rationale for the MOSKITO Kernel