Modern agriculture is related to a revolution that occurred in a large group of technologies (e.g., informatics, sensors, navigation) within the last decades. In crop production systems, there are field operations that are quite labour-intensive either due to their complexity or because of the fact that they are connected to sensitive plants/edible product interaction, or because of the repetitiveness they require throughout a crop production cycle. These are the key factors for the development of agricultural robots. In this paper, a systematic review of the literature has been conducted on research and commercial agricultural robotics used in crop field operations. This study underlined that the most explored robotic systems were related to harvesting and weeding, while the less studied were the disease detection and seeding robots. The optimization and further development of agricultural robotics are vital, and should be evolved by producing faster processing algorithms, better communication between the robotic platforms and the implements, and advanced sensing systems.

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Agricultural Robotics for Field Operations.

Agriculture is one of man's earliest known occupations. Because of its pervasiveness in our life and our reliance on it, many engineers search for ways to improve agricultural robots. Despite this, the vast majority of farmers still use obsolete methods and implements, such as wooden ploughs and sickles, to cultivate their land. Random sowing is one approach, but it requires more resources (seeds, water, fertiliser) and hence increases the expense of addressing the issues in agriculture. In this study, we present a robot that can address this issue by monitoring the distance between seeds to prevent unnecessary water loss and by using a soil PH sensor to ascertain when plants need to be fertilised. The HC-05 Bluetooth module is linked to an Android device, allowing for remote control of the robot's movement. The simulation analysis and temperature/humidity graph were generated with the help of Proteus software. Proteus software also simulated the soil's water content and the ph value of items in the soil.

Design, Fabrication, and Implementation of an Agriculture robot

Agriculture is one of man's earliest known occupations. Because of its pervasiveness in our life and our reliance on it, many engineers search for ways to improve agricultural robots. Despite this, the vast majority of farmers still use obsolete methods and implements, such as wooden ploughs and sickles, to cultivate their land. Random sowing is one approach, but it requires more resources (seeds, water, fertiliser) and hence increases the expense of addressing the issues in agriculture. In this study, we present a robot that can address this issue by monitoring the distance between seeds to prevent unnecessary water loss and by using a soil PH sensor to ascertain when plants need to be fertilised. The HC-05 Bluetooth module is linked to an Android device, allowing for remote control of the robot's movement. The simulation analysis and temperature/humidity graph were generated with the help of Proteus software. Proteus software also simulated the soil's water content and the ph value of items in the soil. 

In the global scenario, women’s safety is a crucial problem. The security of women has become a greater challenge to many families in their daily life, hence a system is developed using rapidly growing technologies to address this problem. This paper mainly focuses on an IoT based self-security system that is comfortable, easy to use and wearable, and helps to share the user location when they feel panic and also help to find the nearest safe place. The designed system is user friendly and it can be accessed only by a specific person. The system is controlled through raspberry pi, and it has two different modes namely normal mode and security mode. In normal mode, user can register their fingerprint, and in security mode, the fingerprint sensor acts as a panic button, and when a fingerprint is detected system shares the location and captures the photo of the culprit and stores it in the cloud. The machine learning algorithm gets the user location as input and predicts the nearest safe place location.

Smart Safety and Security Solution for Women using kNN Algorithm and IoT

This paper presents a study and analysis of an intelligent and autonomous pesticide spraying robotic system for agricultural applications. This study aims to develop a smart pesticide spraying robotic system, which can move to infected plants in the field, identify the type of disease present in the plant, and spray appropriate pesticide. The robotic system consists of a serial manipulator mounted on a tracked vehicle, vision-based disease detection system and spraying system. The SOLIDWORKS modeling software is used for modeling and assembly of the serial manipulator, tracked vehicle, and spraying setup. The main focus of this article is towards the development of the hydraulic circuit and control system for dealing with multiple diseases present in the plants by making the decisions for regulating the flow of pesticide and switching among the pesticides to identify the most appropriate one. The fuzzy logic-based control system is developed and implemented successfully into the experimental setup with the help of MATLAB Simulink to the Arduino hardware interface.

Design and Development of Intelligent Pesticide Spraying System for Agricultural Robot.

In India nearly about 70 percentage of people are depending on agriculture. Numerous operations are performed in the agricultural field like seed sowing, grass cutting, ploughing etc. The present methods of seed sowing, pesticide spraying and grass cutting are difficult. The equipment's used for above actions are expensive and inconvenient to handle. So the agricultural system in India should be encouraged by developing a system which will reduce the man power and time. This work aims to design, develop and design of the robot which can sow the seeds, cut the grass and spray the pesticides, this whole system is powered by solar energy. The designed robot gets energy from solar panel and is operated using Bluetooth/Android App which sends the signals to the robot for required mechanisms and movement of the robot. This increases the efficiency of seed sowing, pesticide spraying and grass cutting and also reduces the problem encountered in manual planting.

K Aruna

Papers

Solar Powered Autonomous Multipurpose Agricultural Robot Using Bluetooth/Android App