Consumer systems for home energy management can provide significant energy saving. Such systems may be based on nonintrusive appliance load monitoring (NIALM), in which individual appliance power consumption information is disaggregated from single-point measurements. The disaggregation methods constitute the most important part of NIALM systems. This paper reviews the methodology of consumer systems for NIALM in residential buildings.

Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring: Review and outlook

Control Systems Engineering

in a nearby future 5G technologies will connect the world from the largest megacities to the smallest internet of things in an always online fashion. Such a connected hierarchy must combine the smart cities, the smart homes, and the internet of things into one large coherent infrastructure. This paper suggest a four layer model which join and interfaces these elements by deploying technologies such as 5G, internet of things, cloud of things, and distributed artificial intelligence. Many advantages and service possibilities are offered by this new infrastructure such as interconnected internet of things, smart homes with artificial intelligence, and a platform for new combined smart home and smart city services based on big-data.

Smart home and smart city solutions enabled by 5G, IoT, AAI and CoT services

Switching dc–dc converters are widely used to interface the dc output of renewable energy resources with power distribution systems in order to facilitate the use of energy at the customer side. In the case of residential photovoltaic (PV) applications, high conversion ratio is usually required, in order to adapt the low output voltages of PV modules to a dc bus voltage, while dealing with the appropriate impedance matching. In this paper, a system connected to a PV panel consisting of two cascaded dc–dc boost converters under sliding-mode control and working as loss-free resistors is studied. The modeling, simulation, and design of the system are addressed. First, an ideal reduced-order sliding-mode dynamics model is derived from the full-order switched model taking into account the sliding constraints, the nonlinear characteristic of the PV module, and the dynamics of the MPPT controller. For this model, a design-oriented averaged model is obtained and its dynamic behavior is analyzed showing that the system is asymptotically globally stable. Moreover, the proposed system can achieve a high conversion ratio with an efficiency close to 95 $\%$ for a wide range of working power. Numerical simulations and experimental results corroborate the theoretical analysis and illustrate the advantages of this architecture in PV systems.

Impedance Matching in Photovoltaic Systems Using Cascaded Boost Converters and Sliding-Mode Control

Before inception of Internet of Things (IoT), personal computers and laptop were used to handle daily tasks of individuals like mail surfing, access to bank portal, observing current temperature, among others. Nowadays, IoT-enabled smart devices like smart mobile phones, PDAs, and tablets are being used by them for such tasks due to rapid growth in IoT. Smart homes have been widely accepted by individuals and organizations world wide due to their many advantages. Home security systems can be defined as monitoring of complete home/some portion of home from a remotely located or centralized location. It allows the user to watch all activities inside the home from a remote location that ultimately gives satisfaction to the owner of the home. Many home security systems exist, but they have some challenging issues like: delay, non-web enabled and difficult to handle during transfer of alerts to user in situation where any unusual event occurred inside the home. If any unusual event encountered inside the home, where security systems deployed, then system must be capable enough to send alert to the user without any delay by phone, text, or email. Cameras and other latest network technologies have enabled us to remotely monitor the home more effectively and efficiently from our smart phone. Hence, considering the above mentioned facts, in this paper, we have proposed an advanced Internet of Thing based Security Alert System for Smart Home in order to detect an intruder or any unusual event at home, when nobody is available there. This low-cost home security system utilizes a small pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) module and raspberry pi for minimizing the delay during process of e-mail alert. This paper also confirms the advantage of Raspberry Pi flexibility and broad probability of its usage. Preliminary analyses have shown encouraging results.

An advanced Internet of Thing based Security Alert System for Smart Home

Proposals are made to design and build intelligent home meeting the modern requirements satisfying most living standards of consumers. Home security activities supported by real time audio visual system which permits only the entry of authorised visitors into the flat are incorporated in the system. Easy handling of selected home appliances in the flat by switching ON or OFF from any room is provided in the system. Moreover, remote control of these selected appliances are performed through telephone dialling or with Internet are accommodated in the system. A Home Assistant system software installed in the PC brings the daily activities to the monitor screen as obtained from the activities programmed in tables of data bases. The electrical energy requirements of the flats are partially supported by a unit extracting solar energy and wind energy. Saving of electrical energy by this unit is maximised by automatically changing the angles of the solar panel and wind mill fixed on the terrace. Furthermore, intruder detection unit included in the system dials automatically a pre-programmed sequence of digits to give message to a remote location while triggering a local alarm.

Improvements in home automation strategies for designing apparatus for efficient smart home

Remote control of home appliances and remote alerting on fire detection and intruder detection in home are essential aspects of home automation and home security systems. Most commonly used communication tools such as cellular phones, landline telephone and email are considered for remote control of appliances by proposing efficient structures. All these control schemes are analysed for their performances suiting modern home automation and security demands. Furthermore, with the installation of sensitive fire detector and intruder detector in home, automatic triggering of a unit sending recorded message converted into email is presented. This aspect strengthens further the security concerns of the home.

Analysis of remote control techniques employed in home automation and security systems

Most coastal areas are experiencing relatively large quantum of solar and wind energy. If the wind is heavy it might produce larger sea waves of high energy contents. The electricity needs of a township or a village situated in a coastal area can be partially fulfilled by installing a modular mini electricity generating unit and an intensified solar heat extractor in buildings. Also, installation of medium sized windmill plant, solar heated steam turbine electricity generator and sea wave energy extracting plants could fulfil the rest of the electricity needs of the township. This approach leads self sufficiency in electricity and provides pollution free electrical energy to the consumers. This project reports the design approach of the system development including the cost factors involved.

Renewable energy resources for residential applications in coastal areas: A modular approach

This project proposes a scheme with designed apparatus to meet the major electrical energy needs of an island such as North Cyprus by using renewable energy resources. Firstly, on residential sector, a cost effective modular dual energy unit extracting solar and wind energy is to be installed in every residential house of the island. Secondly, for satisfying for trade and commercial requirements a medium capacity windmill plant is proposed to be installed in identified locations. Thirdly, the heat energy received from sun is transferred to feed water supplied to steam boiler feeding steam to turbine generating electricity. Lastly, the coastal area of North Cyprus being quite vast and having potential sea waves the wave energy extraction plants are proposed to be installed in chosen locations as to generate electricity. The proposed model can be attempted to be implemented in any similar island or coastal areas and the design could be easily adapted to the varied environments and requirements.

Optimal Utilization of Renewable Energy Resources in North Cyprus: A Proposed Model

It is well known that the lenticular lens screen based stereoscopic display known as autostereoscopy does not call for any special viewing aids for viewing the display screen. This paper reviews the difficulties encountered in autostereoscopy for its adoption to TV and proposes remedies for feasible implementation of autostereoscopic television. Two proposals are made here for relaying multiple angle views of the object with conventional TV equipments. The first approach involves direct transmission of multiple angle views of the video images and their video projection in the receiver onto a double sided lenticular screen. In the second method, the complex picture pattern containing micro line images of multiple views are spatially divided into two parts by registering them in two lenticular screens and subsequently, they are transmitted as video signals. This reduces the spatial density of picture into half of its original and allows them to be captured and transmitted with HDTV system. These two parts of complex picture pattern in the receiver are spatially interleaved to get the full image and is displayed in a lenticular screen fitted LCD monitor. Performance analysis of the systems including the cost involvement is presented.

K. Balasubramanian

Papers

Improvements in home automation strategies for designing apparatus for efficient smart home

Analysis of remote control techniques employed in home automation and security systems

Renewable energy resources for residential applications in coastal areas: A modular approach

Optimal Utilization of Renewable Energy Resources in North Cyprus: A Proposed Model

Autostereoscopic Imaging Techniques for 3D TV: Proposals for Improvements