This research included a micromorphological study of pollen grains of 11 taxa belonging to 10 plant genera of the Cruciferae family (Brassicaceae) distributed in Western Desert District of Iraq. The pollen grains of all species were monads, homopolar, regular, in addition to being tricolpate. They differed in shape, ranging from prolate, subprolate and Subprolate-subspheroidal. The polar dimension also differed greatly among species, which ranged between 25.2 μm. as an average in Morettia philaeana to 37.3 μm. as an average in Zilla spinosa. Thus, the equatorial dimension ranged between 21.4-30.1 μm. in the two species Leptaleum filifolium and Rapistrum rugosum respectively. As for the remaining species, they are graded between them. The difference in the length of the colpus resulted in important taxonomic characteristics in isolating species, if its length ranged between isolating 13.8 -30.3 μm. The Apocolpium also contributed through the variance that ranged between 3.9-8.6 μm., as well as the mesocolpium, which also varied between species, the shortest was 7.2 μm. in Morettia philaeana and the longest 18.3 μm. in Myagrum perfoliatum as indicated in the measurement tables. The two species, Eruca vesicaria and Strigosella africana are distinguished by their thin pollen walls (1.3 μm.), while Morettia philaeana had a thick wall (2.7 μm.), and then the reamining species came between them. This study identified two types of Ornamentation, namely, Microreticulate in 7 species and Macroreticulale in 4 species.

Pollen Micromorphological Study of Ten Genera of Brassicaceae in West Iraq Desert

The research was aimed to identify fruits morphological characteristics of 33 taxa belonging to the Lepidieae tribe from Brassicaceae. The characteristics of the fruit's general shape, apex shape, dimensions, colors, surface ornamentation, and beak were determined, the results indicated the importance of each of those characters in isolated species, In general, all the tribe's fruits were open capsule and short silicula. According to the dimensions of fruit, three species can be distinguished as a group with dimensions greater than 20mm, as in Brossardia, Coluteocarpus, and Didymophysa, and depending on the shape, it was possible to differentiate the species within this group, while the other species were less than 20 mm. in dimensions. They were distinguished by the general shapes, as the fruits of the Aethionema species were distinguished by their winged shaped, whereas the fruits of the genus Biscutella are bi-lobed, and the fruits have an inverted semi-triangular shape in the Capsella and peltate with prominent veins in the genus Horwoodia, or maybe peltate and longitudinally splintered with dark veins in Iberis, while the genus Sameraria fruit is circular to semi-circular characterized by intermediate appendages, while the individuals of the genus Isatis have linear-oblong fruits, and the species of both genus Lipidium and Hymenolobus were distinguished by their small and elliptic fruits and could be differentiated according to other fruits features. So could be conclude the importance of the characteristic of the general shape of the fruit firstly in species isolation then size, ornamentation, and some other traits.

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K. I. A. Al-Shammary

Papers

Morphological Study of Pollen Grains and Seeds in Eight Species from the Family Cruciferae in Iraq