Services Marketing: People, Technology, Strategy

A good is something you buy and consume. Goods are things that you can keep, eat, or use. If you go to the store and buy an apple, you get to keep the apple and take it home with you, so it is a good. A service is something that someone does for you. When you buy a service, you hire people to perform work. You are not buying something you can touch or hold. If your car is broken, you might hire someone to fix it. You are paying for a service.

Goods and services.

Replanting obstacles of Panax notoginseng caused by complex factors, including pathogens, have received great attention. In this study, essential oils (EOs) from either Alpinia officinarum Hance or Amomum tsao-ko (Zingiberaceae) were found to inhibit the growth of P. notoginseng-associated pathogenic fungi in vitro. Subsequent GC-MS analysis revealed the chemical profiles of two plant derived EOs. Linalool and eucalyptol were found to be abundant in the EOs and tested for their antifungal activities. In addition, the synergistic effects of A. tsao-ko EOs and hymexazol were also examined. These findings suggested that Zingiberaceae EOs might be a good source for developing new green natural pesticides fighting against root-rot of P. notoginseng.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/5/1021/pdf

Effects of Essential Oils from Zingiberaceae Plants on Root-Rot Disease of Panax notoginseng.

Combining in vitro and in silico approaches to evaluate the multifunctional profile of rosmarinic acid from Blechnum brasiliense on targets related to neurodegeneration.

https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3Ac2209e9c-4919-412e-b840-bc3f8792f944/datastream/OBJ/download

Micro fracture investigations of white etching layers

Microstructural refinement to the nanoscale imparts tremendous strength to metals while following the Hall-Petch relationship. However, most manufacturing methods to make nanostructured metals are limited by the maximum size of the final product. Extremely fine pearlitic steels with mean true inter-lamellar spacing of 110 nm and 63 nm while having yield strength of 0.79 GPa and 1.08 GPa respectively have been produced by suitable alloying and appropriate undercooling to enhance the free energy available for transformation. The stronger pearlite shows enhanced plane strain fracture toughness thus offering a combination of high damage resistance and tolerance.

Effect of interlamellar spacing on fracture toughness of nano-structured pearlite

Refinement of lamellar spacing down to a few nano-meters in pearlitic steels offers a unique combination of high strength and toughness. The present work pertains to the tribological response of nano-structured pearlitic steels with varying lamellae spacing under repeated frictional sliding using a conical diamond tip. The wear response has been quantified through the friction, volume of groove formed by the indenter and deformation-induced structural changes with number of passes of sliding. Results indicate that the initial microstructure and mechanical properties have a profound impact on the wear resistance since these factors also govern the microstructural adaptability under repeated sliding. The finest lamellar spacing pearlite shows the least wear volume, lowest friction coefficient and the smallest deformation-affected zone.

Deformation, Wear and Microstructural Evolution of Nano-structured Pearlite Under Repeated Contact Sliding

Pearlitic steels with three different inter-lamellar spacing ranging from 79 to 120 nm have been developed in bulk by austenitization and subsequent isothermal transformation with varying degree of under-cooling. The colony size was found to decrease with reduction of transformation temperature. However, the pearlitic nodule size had a similar range for all the specimens. Charpy impact energy of the specimens has been determined for all the transformation conditions at different test temperatures. At 25 °C, the variation of impact energy was negligible with the variation of inter-lamellar spacing and the fracture was completely brittle with clear cleavage facets. The facet size had a strong correspondence with the pearlitic nodule size. However, as the test temperature was raised to 125 °C and 250 °C, the impact energy was enhanced and the pearlite with the finest inter-lamellar spacing fractured after absorbing the highest energy. At higher temperatures, a region of ductile fracture was observed in the fracture initiation region which expanded with an increase in test temperature and decreasing lamellar spacing. At lower testing temperatures, the crack seemed to be cutting through the colonies without any noticeable deformation of cementite lamellae. However, the cementite for all the specimens bent significantly before breaking at higher temperatures. The bent in the direction of crack propagation increased with refinement of inter-lamellar spacing. The study shows that although nodule size determines the impact toughness at lower testing temperatures, inter-lamellar spacing influences it at higher temperatures.

K. Mishra

Papers

Effect of interlamellar spacing on fracture toughness of nano-structured pearlite

Deformation, Wear and Microstructural Evolution of Nano-structured Pearlite Under Repeated Contact Sliding

Effect of inter-lamellar spacing and test temperature on the Charpy impact energy of extremely fine pearlite

Improvement of sub-critical fatigue crack growth life by nano-structuring of pearlite

Effect of prior austenite grain size on the tensile properties and fracture toughness of nano-structured bainite