IAA priming improves the germination and seedling growth in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) via regulating the endogenous phytohormones and enhancing the sucrose metabolism

Seed priming is a pre-germination treatment administered through various chemical, physical and biological agents, which induce mild stress during the early phases of germination. Priming facilitates synchronized seed germination, better seedling establishment, improved plant growth and enhanced yield, especially in stressful environments. In parallel, the phenomenon of 'stress memory' in which exposure to a sub-lethal stress leads to better responses to future or recurring lethal stresses has gained widespread attention in recent years. The versatility and realistic yield gains associated with seed priming and its connection with stress memory make a critical examination useful for the design of robust approaches for maximizing future yield gains. Herein, a literature review identified selenium, salicylic acid, poly-ethylene glycol, CaCl2 and thiourea as the seed priming agents (SPRs) for which the most studies have been carried out. The average priming duration for SPRs generally ranged from 2 to 48 h, i.e. during phase I/II of germination. The major signalling events for regulating early seed germination, including the DOG1 (delay of germination 1)-abscisic acid (ABA)-heme regulatory module, ABA-gibberellic acid antagonism and nucleus-organelle communication are detailed. We propose that both seed priming and stress memory invoke a 'bet-hedging' strategy in plants, wherein their growth under optimal conditions is compromised in exchange for better growth under stressful conditions. The molecular basis of stress memory is explained at the level of chromatin reorganization, alternative transcript splicing, metabolite accumulation and autophagy. This provides a useful framework to study similar mechanisms operating during seed priming. In addition, we highlight the potential for merging findings on seed priming with those of stress memory, with the dual benefit of advancing fundamental research and boosting crop productivity. Finally, a roadmap for future work, entailing identification of SPR-responsive varieties and the development of dual/multiple-benefit SPRs, is proposed for enhancing SPR-mediated agricultural productivity worldwide.

Seed 'primeomics': plants memorize their germination under stress

Effect of UV-B priming on the abiotic stress tolerance of stress-sensitive rice seedlings: Priming imprints and cross-tolerance.

Prohexadione-calcium alleviates saline-alkali stress in soybean seedlings by improving the photosynthesis and up-regulating antioxidant defense.

Although endogenous hormones play an important role in flower bud differentiation and seed-filling, their effects on the flowering and fruiting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. remain unknown. In the present study, we investigate the differences in the levels of endogenous hormones gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and indoleacetic acid (IAA) between the fruiting and seedless plants of G. uralensis Fisch. at different growth stages. We also determine the correlations of the endogenous hormone with the rates of flower and fruit falling, rate of empty seeds, rate of shrunken grains, and thousand kernel weight (TKW). The results demonstrate that the IAA and ZR levels of the flowering plants are significantly higher than those of the nonflowering plants at the flower bud differentiation stage. The GA and ABA levels of exfoliated inflorescence plants are considerably higher than those of the flowering and fruiting plants; the rates of falling flowers and fruit are negatively correlated with the IAA level and positively correlated with the ABA level. The ABA content of nonflowering plants is significantly higher than that of fruiting plants. The ZR:GA and IAA:ABA ratios are significantly positively correlated with TKW. The IAA:GA and IAA:ABA ratios are significantly negatively correlated with the rates of empty and shrunken seeds. Thus, we speculate that high IAA and ZR contents are good for flower bud differentiation and seed-filling, and low ABA and ZR contents are beneficial to flower bud development and seed-filling.

https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/11/519/pdf

The Effects of Endogenous Hormones on the Flowering and Fruiting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

Foliar and seed application of plant growth regulators affects cotton yield by altering leaf physiology and floral bud carbohydrate accumulation

Chemical priming of seed alters cotton floral bud differentiation by inducing changes in hormones, metabolites and gene expression

Cotton Yield and Defoliation Efficiency in Response to Nitrogen and Harvest Aids

Share or not share: the optimal logistics service strategy in a dual-channel e-commerce supply chain

Gene editing technology, as an important technology in the field of science, can accurately and stably modify the genome sequence, bringing revolutionary changes to various fields of life sciences, so it has attracted wide attention from researchers in various countries. This article makes a brief introduction to ZFN and TALEN technology, and at the same time makes a detailed introduction to CRISPR/Cas9 technology, focusing on the limitations, application, and development of CRISPR/Cas9 system. This research found that the CRISPR/Cas9 system and its related technologies are going deep into various fields of life sciences and have achieved remarkable results, providing more ideas and possibilities for human disease treatment, crop gene control and other fields.

/pdf/development-and-prospect-of-gene-editing-technology-2vszpsgo.pdf

Kai Gao

Papers

Foliar and seed application of plant growth regulators affects cotton yield by altering leaf physiology and floral bud carbohydrate accumulation

Chemical priming of seed alters cotton floral bud differentiation by inducing changes in hormones, metabolites and gene expression

Cotton Yield and Defoliation Efficiency in Response to Nitrogen and Harvest Aids

Share or not share: the optimal logistics service strategy in a dual-channel e-commerce supply chain

Development and Prospect of Gene Editing Technology