Internet of Things (IoT) enables modern improvements in smart sensors, RFID, Internet technologies, and communication protocols. Sensor nodes are treated as smart devices and widely used to gather and forward sensed information. However, besides intrinsic constraints on sensor nodes, they are vulnerable to a variety of security threats. This paper presents an energy-aware and secure multi-hop routing (ESMR) protocol by using a secret sharing scheme to increase the performance of energy efficiency with multi-hop data security against malicious actions. The proposed protocol comprises three main aspects. First, the network field is segmented into inner and outer zones based on the node location. Furthermore, in each zone, numerous clusters are generated on the basis of node neighborhood vicinity. Second, the data transmission from cluster heads in each zone towards the sink node is secured using the proposed efficient secret sharing scheme. In the end, the proposed solution evaluates the quantitative analysis of data links to minimize the routing disturbance. The presented work provides a lightweight solution with secure data routing in multi-hop approach for the IoT-based constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of proposed energy-aware and secure multi-hop routing protocol in terms of network lifetime by 38%, network throughput by 34%, energy consumption by 34%, average end-to-end delay by 28%, and routing overhead by 36% in comparison with the existing work.

/pdf/secret-sharing-based-energy-aware-and-multi-hop-routing-2pmmexuqoi.pdf

Secret Sharing-Based Energy-Aware and Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for IoT Based WSNs

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of miniature sensor nodes, capable to operate and capture events in human-inaccessible terrains The data packets generated by these networks may either be continuous, event-based or query-driven, and are application-specific in nature These packets need to be transmitted in an energy-efficient manner to the base station In these networks, congestion occurs when the incoming traffic load exceeds the available capacity of the network There are various factors that lead to congestion in WSNs such as buffer overflow, varying rates of transmission, many-to-one communication paradigm, channel contention and the dynamic nature of a transmission channel Congestion leads to depletion of the nodes energy, deterioration of network performance and an increase in network latency and packet loss As a result, energy-efficient congestion control protocols need to be designed to detect, notify and control congestion effectively Furthermore, these protocols need to ensure a reliable delivery of data in resource-constrained WSNs In this paper, we present a review of the latest state-of-the-art congestion control protocols Depending on their inherent nature of control mechanism, these protocols are classified into three categories, ie, traffic-based, resource-based and hybrid Traffic-based protocols are further subdivided, based on their hop-by-hop or end-to-end delivery modes Resource-based control protocols are further analyzed, based on their route establishment approach and efficient bandwidth utilization techniques We also discuss the internal operational mechanism of these protocols for congestion alleviation Finally, we provide a comprehensive analysis of these protocols in terms of various performance metrics to justify in which scenario a particular class of these protocols needs to be deployed Based on the performance analysis, we conclude that the behaviour of each class of protocols varies with the type of deployed application and a single metric alone cannot precisely detect congestion of the network

A Comprehensive Analysis of Congestion Control Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Military Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network (MHTWSN) is an emerging technology. Due to its extending services, MHTWSN is becoming a widely preferable network for border area monitoring and enemy object tracking in sensitive, unmanned areas. However, security is one of the key challenging issue in MHTWSN. Many routing protocols like AODV, AOMDV, I2MR, and IMCC have proposed for efficient routing establishment and data delivery, but these routing protocols results the poor performance when the network is under any security attack. So we have proposed a new secure multipath routing protocol (NSRP) for military heterogeneous wireless sensor network (MHTWSN) for secure data transmission. NSRP uses elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) to discover trusted neighbor nodes and establish the secure multiple routes for reliable data delivery in MHTWSN. Our protocol has an efficient key management mechanism which provides better security and improves the network performance. NSRP has achieved low communication...

New secure routing protocol with elliptic curve cryptography for military heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of several sensor nodes which are limited in terms of resources for computing, storage, communication bandwidth, and, most importantly of all, energy. One of the major challenges in these networks is congestion, which is triggered by factors such as packet collision, node buffer overflow, transmission channel contention, transmission rate, and many-to-one data transmission from several nodes to the sink node. Congestion affects energy consumption and various parameters of service quality in sensor nodes. Therefore, it is one of the most critical issues in WSNs that requires developing more advanced techniques for its avoidance, diagnosis, and control. In this paper, different methods of congestion control have been investigated; also, a novel taxonomy has been proposed based on combination of concentration of congestion control policies, different algorithms employed, and the effective parameter in detecting and controlling congestion.

A Survey on Congestion Control Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

An exploratory study of congestion control techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks

Heterogeneous wireless sensor network (HTWSN) is the most preferable and demanding technology for military applications because of low cost and high performance in terms of high-quality data transmission with low end-to-end delay. HTWSN can be established with variable-configured sensor nodes for detection and monitoring the complex and multitasking events efficiently within the network. But congestion is the most serious issue which may cause high packet loss; increase the number of retransmissions, frequent link failure, and node failure; lower the network life time by increasing the energy consumption; and lower the throughput. Most of existing congestion control protocols are developed for homogeneous wireless sensor network which may not help to achieve high throughput for HTWSN. So we have proposed a new congestion control protocol (CCP) for HTWSNs which can estimate the congestion control degree (CCD) at each node prior to identify the future congested nodes in the network. Accordingly, CCP can enable its load balancing technique effectively and balance the data traffic between the future congested nodes and source node to achieve high-quality data transmission in HTWSN.

Congestion Control in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks for High-Quality Data Transmission

Wireless sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging technology has significant applications in several important fields like military, agriculture, healthcare, environmental, artificial intelligence and research. All these applications demands high quality data transmission from resource constraint WSNs. But interference is one of the severe problem in WSN which can degrade the quality data transmission. Various interference minimization techniques have been proposed but not results the expected degree of quality enhancement in WSNs. This research paper investigates various types of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HTWSN) deployment techniques, interference and its effects, existing interference minimization techniques with limitations. We propose interference minimization (IM) protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. IM protocol can efficiently minimize the interference and enhance the quality data transmission in WSN.

Interference Minimization Protocol in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks for Military Applications

Multipath interference or route coupling is a severe issue in multipath routing schemes of wireless sensor networks. Due to that, quality of data transmission is impossible in wireless sensor network (WSN) or heterogeneous wireless sensor network (HTWSN). Multipath routing is having many features over single path routing, but it is highly prone to multipath interference. The existing multipath routing schemes can results poor network performance and low reliable data transmission due to the existence of multipath interference. So we propose interference minimization clustering multipath routing protocol (IMCMRP) for multipath interference minimization with energy efficiency and reliable data transmission. Simulation results shows that, IMCMRP protocol is achieved higher data delivery ratio 20% and 31%, better network life time 20 % and 42 %, lower latency up to 30 % and 60 %, higher throughput 30 % and 48 % than LIEMRO multipath routing and single path routing schemes.

Kakelli Anil Kumar

Papers

New secure routing protocol with elliptic curve cryptography for military heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

Congestion Control in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks for High-Quality Data Transmission

Interference Minimization Protocol in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks for Military Applications

Multipath Interference Minimization in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks for Reliable Data Transfer

Exploring News-Feed Credibility using Emerging Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models