Review on thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications

A review on phase change energy storage: materials and applications

This paper reviews the development of latent heat thermal energy storage systems studied detailing various phase change materials (PCMs) investigated over the last three decades, the heat transfer and enhancement techniques employed in PCMs to effectively charge and discharge latent heat energy and the formulation of the phase change problem. It also examines the geometry and configurations of PCM containers and a series of numerical and experimental tests undertaken to assess the effects of parameters such as the inlet temperature and the mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid (HTF). It is concluded that most of the phase change problems have been carried out at temperature ranges between 0 °C and 60 °C suitable for domestic heating applications. In terms of problem formulation, the common approach has been the use of enthalpy formulation. Heat transfer in the phase change problem was previously formulated using pure conduction approach but the problem has moved to a different level of complexity with added convection in the melt being accounted for. There is no standard method (such as British Standards or EU standards) developed to test for PCMs, making it difficult for comparison to be made to assess the suitability of PCMs to particular applications. A unified platform such as British Standards, EU standards needs to be developed to ensure same or similar procedure and analysis (performance curves) to allow comparison and knowledge gained from one test to be applied to another.

A review of materials, heat transfer and phase change problem formulation for latent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTESS)

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Numerical Heat Transfer And Fluid Flow

The continuous increase in the level of greenhouse gas emissions and the climb in fuel prices are the main driving forces behind efforts to more effectively utilise various sources of renewable energy. In many parts of the world, direct solar radiation is considered to be one of the most prospective sources of energy. However, the large-scale utilisation of this form of energy is possible only if the effective technology for its storage can be developed with acceptable capital and running costs. One of prospective techniques of storing solar energy is the application of phase change materials (PCMs). Unfortunately, prior to the large-scale practical application of this technology, it is necessary to resolve numerous problems at the research and development stage. This paper looks at the current state of research in this particular field, with the main focus being on the assessment of the thermal properties of various PCMs, methods of heat transfer enhancement and design configurations of heat storage facilities to be used as a part of solar passive and active space heating systems, greenhouses and solar cooking.

Solar energy storage using phase change materials

Numerical and experimental study on the solidification of PCM around a vertical axially finned isothermal cylinder

A parametric study on possible fixed bed models for pcm and sensible heat storage

This work presents two numerical models to simulate the transient and steady state behavior of a vapor compression refrigeration system. The condenser and the evaporator were divided into a number of control volumes. Time dependent partial differential equations system was obtained from the mass, energy and momentum balances for each control volume. As the expansion valve and the compressor both have very small thermal inertia, the steady state models were applied for these components. Transient and steady state models numerical predictions were compared and good agreement was found. Further simulations were performed with the objective of verifying the possibility of controlling the refrigeration system and the superheating of the refrigerant in the evaporator outlet by varying the compressor speed and the throttling valve sectional area. The results indicate that the proposed models can be used to formulate an algorithm for controlling a refrigeration system.

Numerical simulation of a variable speed refrigeration system

Numerical and experimental study of spherical capsules packed bed latent heat storage system

From the thermal point of view, windows represent the weak link between the internal and external ambients of a room. In cold climates, they are responsible for 10–25% of the heat lost from the heated ambient to the external atmosphere. In hot climates, the excessive solar radiation entering the internal ambient through the windows leads to increasing the cooling load of the refrigeration system. The use of absorbing gases filling the gap between glass sheets appears to be an alternative solution for thermally insulated glass windows. The other options one may incorporate filling materials such as silica aerogel or a PCM. In this work, a comparison between the thermal efficiency of two glass windows one filled with an absorbing gas and the other with a PCM and exposed to solar radiation in a hot climate is done. To model double glass window filled with infrared absorbing gases, a CW real gas model is used. A radiative convective conductive model and a radiative conductive model were investigated. Three mixtures of gases were used; a strongly absorbing gas mixture, an intermediate absorbing gas mixture and a transparent to infrared radiation mixture. To model the double glass window filled with a PCM, a relatively simple and effective radiation conduction one dimensional formulation is used. Heat transfer through the window is calculated and the total heat gain coefficients are compared and discussed.

Kamal A.R. Ismail

Papers

Numerical and experimental study on the solidification of PCM around a vertical axially finned isothermal cylinder

A parametric study on possible fixed bed models for pcm and sensible heat storage

Numerical simulation of a variable speed refrigeration system

Numerical and experimental study of spherical capsules packed bed latent heat storage system

Comparison between PCM filled glass windows and absorbing gas filled windows