In this paper, a smart home automation system is proposed to control home appliances and to make a home safer using electronic controller. Also, Grid-Eye sensors are used to detect the presence of the occupant in the home upon which the activation of any appliance depends. As a result, all the electric instruments of the home run automatically when necessary, and the residents do not need to turn on/off of any electric appliances like air conditioner, fan, light, water heater or any other home appliances. Also, if a person wants to make on/off of any utilities, he can easily make it by using android apps or by using a wireless network which is interfaced with the system. In addition to home automation, when any mishap happens in the home, GSM sends SMS to warn people about the accident. If a person wants to know the status of his home utility system, when he or she out of the home, he can also use GSM technology. Proteus simulation software is used to test the effectiveness of the proposed designed system. To control large electric machines like water pump, elevator and generator, PLC module is used. In this case, we also consider different conditions to run large electric machinery automatically. This designed system provides more convenient and flexible control for a smart home or a building. If implemented, the model will be beneficial for the promotion and popularity of smart home automation system.

An Effective Combination of Microcontroller and PLC for Home Automation System

Renewable sources like solar photovoltaic (PV) generate a significant amount of electricity to our energy system. Currently, the installation of solar PV is increasing rapidly whole over the world. Solar PV produces more energy in mid-day and nearly zero in the evening hours when normally energy demand is high. The power system needs to ramp up conventional power plants to mitigate peak demands. The changing demand generates a duck shape load curve that refers to the duck curve. This duck curve makes the energy system unreliable and inefficient as we added more solar PV to our existing power system. In this paper, we present a demand response system to solve the duck curve problem. The real-time energy price is used to control the loads directly for demand response. Selective household loads are switched off during the demand response process for reducing peak demand. Arduino Mega is used for the computational process of the home energy management system. we have managed to achieve 36.87% reduction of energy consumption during peak hours which helps to solve the duck curve problem and make our energy system more efficient.

Implementing Demand Response in The Residential Energy System to Solve Duck Curve Problem

With the real-time changes of wind speed and operating conditions, it is a challenge to fully tap the active power regulation ability and improve the control performance of automatic generation control (AGC) in a wind farm (WF). The essence of tapping the active power regulation ability is to realise the coordination and complementarity of each wind turbine's (WT's) dynamic adjustment performance (DAP). To address this, a novel data mining method is developed to derive the internal relations between WTs’ output power and pitch angle, impeller speed and pitch angle during the power adjustment process, and a unified mechanism model is established to describe DAP of WTs. Based on the discovered relationship between WTs’ DAP and its operating states, an active power distribution algorithm and a dynamic interval control method are proposed. Then, an active power dynamic interval control strategy that has been implemented using Java script in MyEclipse for WFs is further developed. The control strategy has been tested and applied in a 50 MW WF in northwest China. The preliminary results showed that the control strategy has improved the rapidity and accuracy of AGC in the WF.

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Active Power Dynamic Interval Control Based on Operation Data Mining for Wind Farms to Improve Regulation Performance in AGC

Using Lagrange multiplier method with Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, this paper presents a practical method for analyzing the economic load dispatch of a power system. We develop a model having twelve thermal generators with three different types of cost functions. Cost function curves are represented with quadratic equations. The simplified model has been frame in linear programming model and solved using Lagrangian relaxation technique. Several plausible cases have been studied and simulation results are analyzed to prove the effectiveness of the model. Optimal solution of power output from each generator is presented, regarding both cost functions in correlation to different values of load demand. After the optimization the improvement on production cost is accounted to be 16.77% and on LMP is 1.33% over provided generating unit's data. These significant results are important decision support outline for power system market operator and associated stakeholder.

Power System Optimization Model Using Economic Load Dispatch

\n\nThis paper presents an optimal power delivery system for a hybrid microgrid\nconsisting of a solar PV, wind farm, battery storage and diesel generator. The fuzzy logicbased\ncontrol approach is used to match the generation and consumers’ demand.\n\n\n\nThe load demand is assumed to vary hourly in a day and season to season in a year. The\nfrequency of AC (alternating current) bus may deviate from standard frequency due to supplydemand\nimbalance and thus make the system unstable.\n\n\n\nTo overcome the situation, the controller actuates a control signal to maintain system frequency.\nFrequency deviation is an indication of the load change and battery voltage (state of charge)\nis taken as input. In case of excessive generation, the extra power will be absorbed in the dump load\nfor an isolated system.\n\n\n\n Whereas, for a grid-connected system, the surplus generation is fed into the grid. This\ncost-effective control method ensures the balance between generation and load demand at all times.\n

Optimal Power Delivery from Hybrid Micro-grid to Provide Frequency Regulation

Continues expanding of wind power harnessing demands an effective control system to improve quality power delivered from wind turbine to grid. A stable power system fully depends on the synchronization that means matching of frequency between the source of power generation and existing power grid. The prime objective of a wind farm controller is to ensure effective operation of the wind farm in any wind speed condition. Frequency deviation between the wind system and grid can challenge the well-built operation of a power system and can imbalance the synchronization between wind farm and grid. The strategy of frequency adjustment is developing time to time which starts from using droop controller based Induction generator to converter based Double-fed Induction generator. This paper summarizes an analytical study on various frequency adjustment mechanisms for a grid-connected wind farm.

Review on Frequency Adjustment for Power Systems with Grid Connected Wind Farm

Frequency adjustment and protection of a wind turbine due to wind gust is a salient aspect of the grid-tied wind farm. Both of them require conserving system stability. This paper presents an investigation of the converter based frequency adjusting method and wind turbine protection. A grid-tied wind power system model using the Doubly Fed Induction Generator in MATLAB is used. To regulate the active power output, synchronization between wind velocity and wind turbine speed is adjusted. Thus, wind farm operated at grid frequency and maximize turbine output. The control strategy of the converter based frequency synchronization of a grid-tied wind farm also includes protection subsystem. The protection system executed by receiving information from the logical block implemented in the wind farm model. It provides wind turbine protection by terminating wind turbine from a grid in abnormal wind conditions. The Simulation result validates the results and control methods.

Kanij Ahmad

Papers

Review on Frequency Adjustment for Power Systems with Grid Connected Wind Farm

Converter based Frequency Adjustment and Protection of Grid-tied Wind Farm