计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

Начала политической экономии и податного обложения = The principles of political economy and taxation

This book explores whether the world economy is breaking up into regional trading and currency blocs centred on the European Community, Japan and the United States. Frankel uses trade, investment and financial data to assess this issue. He concludes with an analysis of how trends in regional economic integration can be used as building blocks for a stronger multilateral system.

Regional Trading Blocs in the world economic system, reseñado por Antonio Ortiz-Mena L.N.

Statistical Databases

https://pgeconomics.co.uk/pdf/2012globalimpactstudyfinal.pdf

GM crops: global socio-economic and environmental impacts 1996- 2010

The hypothesis of structural change in U.S. meat demand is tested in a four‐meat almost ideal demand system with parameters following a gradual switching regression model. The results support the notion that structural change partly explains the observed U.S. meat consumption patterns. Structural change is biased against beef, neutral for pork, in favor of chicken and fish, and it does not affect estimated elasticities. The estimated path of structural change implies a rapid transition to a new regime in the mid‐1970s, although a smooth path cannot be ruled out.

/pdf/modeling-the-pattern-of-structural-change-in-u-s-meat-demand-33mwwwjgzx.pdf

Modeling the Pattern of Structural Change in U.S. Meat Demand

The main objective of this paper is to test the hypothesis that consumer preferences for beef in the United States have been affected by structural change, which reduces to testing for parameter stability in estimated demand equations. To this end, alternative specifications of the demand function are estimated using a general form of the Box-Cox transformation. Tests based on recursive residuals and on the F distribution provide little evidence of structural change, and suggest that the recent decline in beef consumption may be explained by changes in relative prices. The sizable decline in U.S. beef consumption that has taken place in recent years has led to some speculation, in both the popular and professional literature, that the demand for beef may have been affected by a structural change resulting, ceteris paribus, in consumption levels lower than those of the early 1970s (Bertin; Hieronymus; Chavas). The cause of this alleged structural shift is often ascribed to the increased nutritional consciousness of consumers concerned with limiting their intake of fat and cholesterol. Whether the decrease in the consumption of beef is a result of changed market conditions (relative prices and income), or reflects a more fundamental change in the underlying consumers' preferences, is an important question for both the beef industry and agricultural economists. Indeed, if the consumption decline is due to market forces, there is little that the beef industry can do, other than wait for a more favorable economic climate. If, however, there has been a structural shift in the demand for beef, the industry needs to pur

/pdf/parameter-stability-and-the-u-s-demand-for-beef-he2oz97723.pdf

Parameter stability and the u.s. demand for beef

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Community (EC) is facing a crisis from budgetary and political pressures. This study analyzes the relative efficiency of four policy options discussed at the recent emergency summit in Brussels including a price reduction, coresponsibility levies, production controls, and a two-price plan. These are assessed in terms of their efficiency in achieving producer welfare. A two-price plan is superior to a production quota only at lower producer income goals. A price reduction policy is more efficacious than a coresponsibility levy, but both are shown to be inferior to either quotas or a two-price plan.

/pdf/efficiency-of-alternative-policies-for-the-ec-s-common-4w05plbzkq.pdf

Efficiency of Alternative Policies for the EC's Common Agricultural Policy

This paper analyzes U.S. countervailing import duties aimed at offsetting the effects of a Canadian hog production subsidy. Approximate countervailing duty formulae for two alternative objectives are derived, the permissible range of these duties is illustrated, and empirical evidence is provided. To restore equilibrium at the presubsidy level in the U.S. hog market, a countervailing duty on hog imports suffices; this duty should be less than the unit hog production subsidy. To restore equilibrium in both the U.S. hog and pork markets, countervailing duties on both hog and pork imports are required. Such duties should be less than the unit subsidy, and the duty on pork should be less than the duty on hogs.

/pdf/production-subsidy-and-countervailing-duties-in-vertically-1116nhs00b.pdf

Production Subsidy and Countervailing Duties in Vertically Related Markets: The Hog-Pork Case Between Canada and the United States

Farmers in Pakistan have been growing cotton that contains the first generation of Bt gene since 2002. The cultivation of these varieties, although formally unapproved and unregulated, increased rapidly after 2005. In 2007, nearly 60 percent of the cotton area was under BT varieties. This paper examines the economic performance of Bt cotton in Pakistan based on data collected through a structured questionnaire survey in January-February 2009 in two districts (Bahawalpur and Mirpur Khas). The extent of the impact of Bt cotton on costs of production and yield gains are different across the two districts with their diverse agro-climatic conditions and pest pressures. Seed expenditures increase in both districts, but a decline in the number of bollworm sprays and hence in the expenditure for pesticides is observed and total pesticide control costs (for bollworms and non bollworm pests) declines in both districts. Total production costs decline in Bahawalpur but rise in Mirpur Khas. The yield increases are higher in Mirpur Khas as well, resulting in total revenue and gross margins improving more than in Bahawalpur. The results are similar to other studies of Bt cotton in India and suggest gains for Pakistan from progressing to a regulated national market for Bt cotton technologies.

Karl D. Meilke

Papers

Modeling the Pattern of Structural Change in U.S. Meat Demand

Parameter stability and the u.s. demand for beef

Efficiency of Alternative Policies for the EC's Common Agricultural Policy

Production Subsidy and Countervailing Duties in Vertically Related Markets: The Hog-Pork Case Between Canada and the United States

Economic Performance of Bt Cotton Varieties in Pakistan