The program Mercury, developed at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, was originally designed primarily as a crystal structure visualization tool. Over the years the fields and scientific communities of chemical crystallography and crystal engineering have developed to require more advanced structural analysis software. Mercury has evolved alongside these scientific communities and is now a powerful analysis, design and prediction platform which goes a lot further than simple structure visualization.

/pdf/mercury-4-0-from-visualization-to-analysis-design-and-2pxlp4hlx2.pdf

Mercury 4.0: from visualization to analysis, design and prediction

Dye effluents released from numerous dye-utilizing industries are harmful towards the environment and living things. Consequently, existence of dye effluent in environmental water bodies is becoming a growing concern to environmentalists and civilians. A long term sustainable and efficient dye effluent treatment method should be established to eliminate this issue. Dye wastewater should be treated first before release to minimize its negative impacts towards the environment and living things. However, due to lack of information on efficient dye removal methods, it is difficult to decide on a single technique that resolves the prevailing dye effluent issue. Therefore, this paper reviews existing research papers on various biological, chemical and physical dye removal methods to find its efficiency through percentage of dye removal. Although there are numerous existing tried and tested methods to accomplish dye removal, most of them have a common disadvantage which is the generation of secondary pollution to the environment. This paper highlights enzyme degradation (biological) and adsorption (physical) dye removal as these are known as one of the most efficient dye removal techniques these days. This paper also suggests the usage of a combined adsorbent as it is envisioned that this technique has better efficiency and is able to remove dyes at a faster rate.

Efficiency of various recent wastewater dye removal methods: A review

Organic Chemistry By Dr. I. L. Finar. Vol. 2: Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural Products. Pp. xi + 733. (London and New York: Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd., 1956.) 40s. net.

Advanced Organic Chemistry

Economics of biodiesel production: Review

Synthesis, structure and interactions with DNA of novel tetranuclear, [Mn 4 (II/II/II/IV)] mixed valence complexes

https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/download/21893/14598

Study of double protons migration mechanism in supramolecular structures of acetic acid-water and acetic acid-ammonia by ab initio method

The thermal treatment of the silica-zirconia montmorillonite K10 and silica-ferri oxide montmorillonite K10 nanocomposites at 300 and 500 °C has been carried out, respectively as part of a study of their function as the catalyst. The heating effect on the crystallinity and the lattice parameter calculation of both nanocomposites was studied using XRD and FTIR instruments. The results showed that the nanocomposite silica-zirconia montmorillonite K10 has a thermal resistance and the crystallinity better than the silica-ferri oxide montmorillonite K10, and both have values varying lattice parameters.

Effect Of Heating On The Crystalinity And The Lattice Parameter Of Silica-Zirconia Montmorillonite K10 And Silica-Ferri Oxide Montmorillonite K10 Nanocomposites

Transesterification reaction of castor oil catalyzed by Na2O/ZrO2 to produce biodiesel has been investigated. The catalyst was made by activating the ZrO2 with 98\% NaOH 5 M, dried in oven for 24 hours, and followed by calcination in a muffle furnace at 500 oC for 5 hours. XRD analysis shows that the catalyst has typical peaks at 2? = 38.32o, 33.19o, and 54.97o. The activation of the catalyst led to an increase of wt% of O and Na, but reduce the wt% of Zr. Transesterification of castor oil was carried out by varying the catalyst composition(w/w%) to determine its optimum conversion into product. The products were analyzed by GC-MS to determine the content and composition of the compounds, IR Spectroscopy to identify the functional group of the product, and ASTM analysis method to compare the quality of the product to the standard. The transesterification of castor oil was found to be optimum at 4% catalyst with biodiesel yield of 57.02%. However, the highest yield of methyl ester of ricinoleic acid, at 89.72%, was obtained using 2% catalyst (w/w%).

https://journal.ics-physical-chemistry.org/index.php/icspc/article/download/1/6

Synthesis and Application of Na2O/ZrO2 Nanocomposite for Microwave-assisted Transesterification of Castor Oil

Synthesis of aluminium pillared smectite from two raw clays, saponite and Indonesian montmorillonite, has been investigated. The clays were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption isotherm, DTA-TGA, surface acidity measurements using pyridine-FTIR method, and evaluated for catalytic esterification reaction. The characterization indicated an increase in d001 by metal oxide pillar, increase in BET specific surface area, and surface acidity. DTA-curves showed exothermic peaks in the range of 100-130oC and 400-800oC. TGA curves showed an increase in thermal stability of pillared clays. For both kinds of clays, it was also observed that pillarization reduced weight loss at high temperature. Esterification reaction rate constant and surface acidity data showed that the Bronsted acidity dominantly affects the reaction mechanism compared with the effect of specific surface area and Lewis acid site. Montmorillonite and pillared montmorillonite exhibited higher catalytic activity than saponite and pillared saponite although the specific surface areas of the latter are higher.

https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/AJChE/article/download/50119/26214

A Comparative Study on Aluminium Pillared Smectite Synthesis From Synthetic Saponite and Indonesian Montmorillonite

Formation pathways and low-temperature crystal structures are reported for the molecular complexes [(DFBSA)₂ ·(Me₂N)₂CO] (1; monoclinic, space group P2₁/c, Z' = 1) and [(DCBSA)₂·Me₂SO]·MeNO₂ (2; triclinic, P1 , Z' = 1), where DFBSA= di(4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl) amine and DCBSA = di(4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl)amine. In both compounds, the aromatic disulfonylamines display extended conformations contrasting with the folded conformations recently described for three lamellar 1:1 complexes of composition (ArSO₂)₂NH·B (B = oxygen base). The components of 1 and 2 are three-dimensionally associated by a multitude of supramolecular synthons comprising a) in 1 and 2 two conventional N-H···O hydrogen bonds accepted by the carbonyl or sulfoxide function, b) in 1 fourteen and in 2 eleven weak C-H···O hydrogen bonds, c) in 1 three close C-H···F contacts, d) in 2 seven C-H···Cl hydrogen bonds, e) in 2 one Cl ··· Cl and two Cl···O interactions, f) in both structures a triad of aromatic rings that are π-stacked in the face-to-face mode. The interhalogen contact in 2 is of the type II, as characterized by C-Cl ··· Cl angles of 161 and 102°.

Polysulfonylamine, CLIX [1]. Eine Vielfalt supramolekularer Synthone in zwei Molekülkomplexen von Di(4-halogenbenzolsulfonyl)aminen mit Sauerstoffbasen / Polysulfonylamines, CLIX [1]. A Variety of Supramolecular Synthons in Two Molecular Complexes of Di(4-halobenzenesulfonyl)amines with Oxygen Bases

Karna Wijaya

Papers

Study of double protons migration mechanism in supramolecular structures of acetic acid-water and acetic acid-ammonia by ab initio method

Effect Of Heating On The Crystalinity And The Lattice Parameter Of Silica-Zirconia Montmorillonite K10 And Silica-Ferri Oxide Montmorillonite K10 Nanocomposites

Synthesis and Application of Na2O/ZrO2 Nanocomposite for Microwave-assisted Transesterification of Castor Oil

A Comparative Study on Aluminium Pillared Smectite Synthesis From Synthetic Saponite and Indonesian Montmorillonite