Karri Neldner

TL;DR: It is suggested that new methods for testing tool innovation in children must be developed in order to broaden the knowledge of young children's tool innovation capabilities.

TL;DR: Three chimpanzees and both age groups of children selected the escape cup more often when the baiting of the large reward was concealed, compared to when it was visible, demonstrating that both species can selectively choose a guaranteed smaller reward when they do not know the location of a larger reward and provides insight into the development of metacognition.

TL;DR: Children’s ability to independently construct 3 new tools using distinct actions: adding, subtracting, and reshaping is investigated, finding evidence for cultural variation and suggests that children’'s innovation levels are influenced by the cultural environment.

TL;DR: Children in the Australian sample invented tool behaviours and succeeded on the tasks more often than did the Bushmen children, highlighting that aspects of a child's social or cultural environment may influence the rates of their tool use invention on such task sets, even when direct social information is absent.

TL;DR: The overall results indicate that children across these communities become able to prepare for alternative futures during early childhood, and this acquisition period is therefore not contingent on Western upbringing, and may instead indicate normal cognitive maturation.