Electric vehicles (EV), including Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), are becoming more commonplace in the transportation sector in recent times. As the present trend suggests, this mode of transport is likely to replace internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in the near future. Each of the main EV components has a number of technologies that are currently in use or can become prominent in the future. EVs can cause significant impacts on the environment, power system, and other related sectors. The present power system could face huge instabilities with enough EV penetration, but with proper management and coordination, EVs can be turned into a major contributor to the successful implementation of the smart grid concept. There are possibilities of immense environmental benefits as well, as the EVs can extensively reduce the greenhouse gas emissions produced by the transportation sector. However, there are some major obstacles for EVs to overcome before totally replacing ICE vehicles. This paper is focused on reviewing all the useful data available on EV configurations, battery energy sources, electrical machines, charging techniques, optimization techniques, impacts, trends, and possible directions of future developments. Its objective is to provide an overall picture of the current EV technology and ways of future development to assist in future researches in this sector.

https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201705.0090/v1/download

A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development

Nanotechnology is utilized well in the development and improvement of the performance in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). The high operating temperature of SOFCs (700–900 °C) has resulted in serious demerits regarding their overall performance and durability. Therefore, the operating temperature has been reduced to an intermediate temperature range of approximately 400–700 °C which improved performance and, subsequently, commercialized SOFCs as portable power sources. However, at reduced temperature, challenges such as an increase in internal resistance of the fuel cell components arise. Although, this may not be as serious as problems encountered at high temperature, it still significantly affects the performance of SOFCs. This review paper addresses the work of researchers in the application of nanotechnology in fabricating SOFCs through distinct methods. These methods have successfully omitted or at least reduced the internal resistance and showed considerable improvement in power density of the SOFCs at reduced temperatures.

Nanomaterials for solid oxide fuel cells: A review

Environmental aspects of fuel cells: A review.

The increasing demands for environmentally friendly grid-scale electric energy storage devices with high energy density and low cost have stimulated the rapid development of various energy storage systems, due to the environmental pollution and energy crisis caused by traditional energy storage technologies. As one of the new and most promising alternative energy storage technologies, zinc-ion rechargeable batteries have recently received much attention owing to their high abundance of zinc in natural resources, intrinsic safety, and cost effectiveness, when compared with the popular, but unsafe and expensive lithium-ion batteries. In particular, the use of mild aqueous electrolytes in zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) demonstrates high potential for portable electronic applications and large-scale energy storage systems. Moreover, the development of superior electrolyte operating at either high temperature or subzero condition is crucial for practical applications of ZIBs in harsh environments, such as aerospace, airplanes, or submarines. However, there are still many existing challenges that need to be resolved. This paper presents a timely review on recent progresses and challenges in various cathode materials and electrolytes (aqueous, organic, and solid-state electrolytes) in ZIBs. Design and synthesis of zinc-based anode materials and separators are also briefly discussed.

/pdf/recent-progress-on-zinc-ion-rechargeable-batteries-nwz51l2c8v.pdf

Recent Progress on Zinc-Ion Rechargeable Batteries

An updated review of energy storage systems: Classification and applications in distributed generation power systems incorporating renewable energy resources

Renewable energy generation is rapidly growing in the power sector industry and widely used for two categories: grid connected and standalone system. This paper gives the insights about fuel cell operation and application of various power electronics systems. The fuel cell voltage decreases bit by bit with expansion in current because of losses associated with fuel cell. It is difficult in handling large rated fuel cell based power system without regulating mechanism. The issue connected with fuel based structural planning and the arrangements are widely investigated for all sorts of utilization. In order to improve the reliability of fuel cell based power system, the integration of energy storage system and advanced research methods are focused in this paper. The control algorithms of power architecture for the couple of well-known applications are discussed. Additionally, the paper addresses the suitable processor utilized as a part of the energy unit application on the premise of fuel cell characteristics. In this paper, the challenges to improve the dynamics of controller in fuel cell based applications are mentioned.

Recent advances and challenges of fuel cell based power system architectures and control – A review

Optimal planning of electric vehicle charging station at the distribution system using hybrid optimization algorithm

This paper presents integration of solar-wind hybrid fed DC-grid to distributed AC grid. Generally, the renewable hybrid energy systems use two or more energy sources to supply power to the dc grid. In case of insufficient power generation or excessive load demand, in order to supply power to DC loads, it must integrate with AC grid. As dc loads increase in number, complexity increases and tighter voltage regulation is required. This paper presents dual mode control operation of inverter which integrates the solar and wind power fed dc bus to the single phase ac distribution system. The inverter can be operated in hysteresis current control when power is fed from DC grid to AC distributed grid and in AC-DC boost rectifier mode otherwise. The detailed operation of dual mode control of inverter is described in this paper. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been verified through simulation studies using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Karthikeyan Venkitusamy

Papers

Recent advances and challenges of fuel cell based power system architectures and control – A review

Optimal planning of electric vehicle charging station at the distribution system using hybrid optimization algorithm

Dual mode control of inverter to integrate solar-wind hybrid fed DC-grid with distributed AC grid

A modified boost rectifier for elimination of circulating current in power factor correction applications