While situational factors such as high workloads have been found to be predictive of burnout, not all people in the same work context develop burnout. This suggests that individual factors are implicated in susceptibility to burnout. We investigated the relationships between care type (acute/chronic), neuroticism, control (primary/secondary), and symptoms of burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy) amongst 21 chronic care nurses and 83 acute care nurses working in a public hospital in regional Australia. Similar levels of burnout symptomatology and neuroticism were found in each group of nurses, and neuroticism was found to be associated with exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy in the total sample of nurses. Our prediction that primary control would protect against burnout symptoms in acute care nurses was supported only for professional efficacy, and the prediction that secondary control would protect against burnout in chronic care nurses was not supported.

Work context, personal control, and burnout amongst nurses.

Background: The process of puberty is a normal physiological event for adolescents. Studies show that there is not enough knowledge about boys' puberty experiences. In spite of physiological similarities of puberty characteristics in different societies, social, cultural and religious factors have an important influence on puberty process.

Aim:  To begin to explore the experiences of adolescents and parents about puberty within the Iranian cultural context.

Methods:  Qualitative research was adopted using thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews carried out with 16 adolescent boys (13–17 years old) and 12 parents. All studies were transcribed verbatim and analysed.

Findings:  The analysis of the transcripts showed four main themes including shame and embarrassment, anxiety, transition, puberty orientation and management.

Conclusion:  Development of knowledge about puberty issues is important; additionally meeting health and educational needs of this transient period is one of the main priorities of the healthcare system and society. Knowledge of puberty is important for nurses and counsellors who work with adolescents for planning primary prevention programmes related to sexual health education and adolescent mental health.

Limitations:  Boy's embarrassment about describing puberty changes was a hindrance to their full engagement in the interviews; therefore in some situations the interviews were not as deep as was wished. This limitation is related to the subject itself, not the method used for data gathering.

The experience of puberty in adolescent boys: an Iranian perspective.

Throughout the history of nursing, holistic ideas can be identified that reflect nursing's ambivalence towards changes in health care and in ideas about illness during the 19th and 20th century. The relationship between historical context and the meaning of holism in nursing is described using historical as well as conceptual analyses. Three important periods are discussed: holistic public health nursing in the beginning of the century, a shift towards holistic hospital nursing in the middle of the century, and a modern holistic health nursing model that emerged in the 1960s. Each period reflects a different perspective on nursing's struggle to gain status as a profession, its complicated relationship with medicine, and its difficulty in maintaining the tradition of care and compassion within an industrialized society that becomes more individualized and fragmented.

The meaning of holism in nursing: historical shifts in holistic nursing ideas.

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8131&context=rtd

Kathleen M. Leahy

Papers

Community health nursing

Fundamentals of public health nursing

Cornerstone for Nursing Education: A History of the Division of Nursing Education of Teachers College, Columbia University, 1899-1947

Can Drop Outs Be Salvaged

The mount sinai hospital of new york