The Scope of Body Image Disturbance - the Big Picture An Overview of Assessment and Treatment Strategies Sociocultural Theory - the Media and Society Social Comparison Processes Appearance-Related Feedback Interpersonal Factors Peers, Parents and Perfect Strangers Feminist Perspectives Sexual Abuse and Sexual Harassment Behavioural Aspects of Disturbance - Conditioning, Context and Avoidance Cognitive Processing Models Future Directions - Integrative Theories, Multidimensional Assessment and Multicomponent Interventions

Exacting Beauty: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment of Body Image Disturbance

To raise the question of the nature of narrative is to invite reflection on the very nature of culture and, possibly, even on the nature of humanity itself. So natural is the impulse to narrate, so inevitable is the form of narrative for any report of the way things really happened, that narrativity could appear problematical only in a culture in which it was absent-absent or, as in some domains of contemporary Western intellectual and artistic culture, programmatically refused. As a panglobal fact of culture, narrative and narration are less problems than simply data. As the late (and already profoundly missed) Roland Barthes remarked, narrative "is simply there like life itself. . international, transhistorical, transcultural."' Far from being a problem, then, narrative might well be considered a solution to a problem of general human concern, namely, the problem of how to translate knowing into telling,2 the problem of fashioning human experience into a form assimilable to structures of meaning that are generally human rather than culture-specific. We may not be able fully to comprehend specific thought patterns of another culture, but we have relatively less difficulty understanding a story coming from another culture, however exotic that

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The Value of Narrativity in the Representation of Reality

This meta-analysis surveyed 177 usable sources that reported data on gender differences on 21 different measures of sexual attitudes and behaviors. The largest gender difference was in incidence of masturbation: Men had the greater incidence (d = .96). There was also a large gender difference in attitudes toward casual sex: Males had considerably more permissive attitudes (d = .81). There were no gender differences in attitudes toward homosexuality or in sexual satisfaction. Most other gender differences were in the small-to-moderate range. Gender differences narrowed from the 1960s to the 1980s for many variables. Chodorow's neoanalytic theory, sociobiology, social learning theory, social role theory, and script theory are discussed in relation to these findings.

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Gender differences in sexuality: a meta-analysis.

Early-stage romantic love can induce euphoria, is a cross-cultural phenomenon, and is possibly a developed form of a mammalian drive to pursue preferred mates. It has an important influence on social behaviors that have reproductive and genetic consequences. To determine which reward and motivation systems may be involved, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and studied 10 women and 7 men who were intensely "in love" from 1 to 17 mo. Participants alternately viewed a photograph of their beloved and a photograph of a familiar individual, interspersed with a distraction-attention task. Group activation specific to the beloved under the two control conditions occurred in dopamine-rich areas associated with mammalian reward and motivation, namely the right ventral tegmental area and the right postero-dorsal body and medial caudate nucleus. Activation in the left ventral tegmental area was correlated with facial attractiveness scores. Activation in the right anteromedial caudate was correlated with questionnaire scores that quantified intensity of romantic passion. In the left insula-putamen-globus pallidus, activation correlated with trait affect intensity. The results suggest that romantic love uses subcortical reward and motivation systems to focus on a specific individual, that limbic cortical regions process individual emotion factors, and that there is localization heterogeneity for reward functions in the human brain.

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Reward, Motivation, and Emotion Systems Associated With Early-Stage Intense Romantic Love

Sexual harassment of women in organizational settings has recently become a topic of interest to researchers and the general public alike. Although numerous studies document its frequency, the development of conceptual models identifying antecedents and consequences of harassment has proceeded at a slower pace. In this article, an empirical test of a recently proposed conceptual model is described. According to the model, organizational climate for sexual harassment and job gender context are critical antecedents of sexual harassment; harassment, in turn, influences work-related variables (e.g., job satisfaction); psychological states (e.g., anxiety and depression); and physical health. On the basis of a sample of women employed at a large, regulated utility company, the model's predictions were generally supported.

Antecedents and consequences of sexual harassment in organizations: A test of an integrated model.

Contents: K. McKinney, S. Sprecher, Introduction. T.L. Orbuch, J.H. Harvey, Methodological and Conceptual Issues in the Study of Sexuality in Close Relationships. A. Aron, E.N. Aron, Love and Sexuality. J.D. DeLamater, Emotions and Sexuality. J.A. Simpson, S.W. Gangestad, Personality and Sexuality: Empirical Relations and an Integrative Theoretical Model. W.R. Cupach, S. Metts, Sexuality and Communication in Close Relationships. F.S. Christopher, M.W. Roosa, Factors Affecting Sexual Decisions in the Premarital Relationships of Adolescents and Young Adults. R.G. Bringle, B. Buunk, Extradyadic Relationships and Sexual Jealousy. C. Muehlenhard, M.F. Goggins, J. Jones, A. Satterfield, Sexual Violence and Coercion in Close Relationships. L.A. Kurdek, Sexuality in Homosexual and Heterosexual Couples. S. Duck, Afterward: Couples and Coupling.

Sexuality in close relationships

The focus of this research was on faculty members as victims of sexual harassment by colleagues (peer harassment) and students (contrapower harassment). A self-administered, mailed questionnaire was sent to a probability sample of faculty at a large, public Midwestern university and to the whole population of faculty at a small, public institution in the Western Mountain region. Several hypotheses were made based on conflict theory, role theory, and previous research. Results indicated that women faculty generally have more negative attitudes toward and broader definitions of sexual harassment than do male faculty. Moderate levels of sexual harassment of faculty by both colleagues and students were reported; minor and anonymous (course evaluations and obscene phone calls) forms were the most common. Female faculty were more likely to report harassment by colleagues; male faculty were more likely to report some potentially harassing behaviors by students. Incidents of sexual harassment were usually not reported to formal agents of social control.

Sexual harassment of university faculty by colleagues and students.

Experimentation portant sur les effets eventuels de l'existence d'une double norme, sur les jugements portes sur autrui se fondant sur des informations a propos de la vie sexuelle des personnes visees

Has the double standard disappeared?: an experimental test

Much progress has been made in efforts to conduct, support, value, and use the scholarship of teaching and learning in higher education. Nevertheless, to further enhance student learning, many challenges remain.

Attitudinal and structural factors contributing to challenges in the work of the scholarship of teaching and learning

The purpose of this note is to discuss the procedures, problems, solutions, and tentative outcomes of using collaborative learning groups (CLGs) in a large class. We hope to open a dialogue on this subject among our colleagues. Our experiences are based on the use of group assignments in large (225 students) sections of Introduction to Sociology, held in a traditional lecture hall (with no small discussion sections) over three semesters.

Kathleen McKinney

Papers

Sexuality in close relationships

Sexual harassment of university faculty by colleagues and students.

Has the double standard disappeared?: an experimental test

Attitudinal and structural factors contributing to challenges in the work of the scholarship of teaching and learning

The Use of Collaborative Learning Groups in the Large Class: Is It Possible?