https://www.inner-image.com/assets/2015/05/6.-Ling-de-Craen-Slagboom-Gunn-Stokkel-Westendorp-Maier-2011.pdf

Accuracy of direct segmental multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis in the assessment of total body and segmental body composition in middle-aged adult population

National Institutes of Health's National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-25195, R01-DK-80739): American Heart Association

https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/diabetes/59/1/242.full.pdf

Adiposity, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Vitamin D Status: The Framingham Heart Study

Body mass index classification misses subjects with increased cardiometabolic risk factors related to elevated adiposity

https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hep.23593

Fatty liver is associated with dyslipidemia and dysglycemia independent of visceral fat: The Framingham heart study†

Background— Obesity represents an important risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). We tested the hypothesis that pericardial fat, a unique fat deposit in close anatomic proximity to cardiac structures and autonomic fibers, is associated with prevalent AF.

Methods and Results— Participants from the Framingham Heart Study underwent multidetector computed tomography from 2002 to 2005. We estimated the association between quantitative pericardial, intrathoracic and visceral adipose tissue volumes (per standard deviation of volume) with prevalent AF adjusting for established AF risk factors (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, blood pressure treatment, PR interval, and clinically significant valvular disease). Of the 3217 eligible participants (mean age, 50.6±10.1 years; 48% women), 54 had a confirmed diagnosis of AF. Pericardial fat but not intrathoracic or visceral abdominal fat was associated with prevalent AF in multivariable-adjusted models (odds ratio per standard deviation of pericardial fat volume, 1.28; 95% confidence intervals, 1.03 to 1.58). Further adjustments for body mass index, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and intrathoracic fat volume did not materially change the association between pericardial fat and AF.

Conclusions— Pericardial fat was associated with prevalent AF even after adjustment for AF risk factors, including body mass index. If this association is replicated, further investigations into the mechanisms linking pericardial fat to AF are merited.

Pericardial fat is associated with prevalent atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study.

OBJECTIVE — The prevalence of abdominal obesity exceeds that of general obesity. We sought to determine the prevalence of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral obesity and to characterize the different patterns of fat distribution in a community-based sample. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — Participants from the Framingham Heart Study (n 3,348, 48% women, mean age 52 years) underwent multidetector computed tomography; subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volumes were assessed. Sex-specific high SAT and VAT definitions were based on 90th percentile cut points from a healthy referent sample. Metabolic risk factors were examined in subgroups with elevated SAT and VAT. RESULTS — The prevalence of high SAT was 30% (women) and 31% (men) and that for high VAT was 44% (women) and 42% (men). Overall, 27.8% of the sample was discordant for high SAT and high VAT: 19.9% had SAT less than but VAT equal to or greater than the 90th percentile, and 7.9% had SAT greater than but VAT less than the 90th percentile. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher among women and men with SAT less than the 90th percentile and high VAT than in those with high SAT but VAT less than the 90th percentile, despite lower BMI and waist circumference. Findings were similar for hypertension, elevated triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS — Nearly one-third of our sample has abdominal subcutaneous obesity, and 40% have visceral obesity. Clinical measures of BMI and waist circumference may misclassify individuals in terms of VAT and metabolic risk. Diabetes Care 32:481–485, 2009

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Patterns of abdominal fat distribution: the Framingham Heart Study.

Body fat distribution might be differentially associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease. We examined whether the body mass index, waist circumference, and subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue are associated with the prevalence of either coronary or abdominal aortic calcium in the Framingham Heart Study. Participants (n = 3,130, mean age 52 years, 49% women) free of clinical cardiovascular disease from the Framingham Heart Study underwent multidetector computed tomographic assessment to quantify the subcutaneous and visceral fat volume and coronary and abdominal aortic calcification. Coronary artery calcification and abdominal aortic calcium were examined in relation to the body mass index, waist circumference, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and visceral adipose tissue in age-, gender-, and multivariate-adjusted models. All measures of adiposity were associated with coronary aortic calcium in the age- and gender-adjusted models (all p 0.14). The body mass index, waist circumference, and visceral adipose tissue (but not the subcutaneous adipose tissue) were associated with abdominal aortic calcification in the age- and gender-adjusted models (all p 0.23). Similar findings were observed in the quartile-based analyses. In conclusion, the general measures of obesity and measures of central abdominal fat are related to the coronary aortic calcium and abdominal aortic calcium levels. However, these cross-sectional associations are attenuated by cardiovascular disease risk factors, possibly because they mediate the association between adiposity measures and subclinical cardiovascular disease.

Kathrin Lieb

Papers

Patterns of abdominal fat distribution: the Framingham Heart Study.

Relation of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue to coronary and abdominal aortic calcium (from the Framingham Heart Study).