Impacts of hydrogen to carbon ratio (H/C) on fundamental properties and supercritical cracking performance of hydrocarbon fuels

Particle emissions characterization from a medium-speed marine diesel engine with two fuels at different sampling conditions

Correlation of rocket propulsion fuel properties with chemical composition using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry followed by partial least squares regression analysis

Exploiting a high temperature chemical reactor, we explored the pyrolysis of helium-seeded n-decane as a surrogate of the n-alkane fraction of Jet Propellant-8 (JP-8) over a temperature range of 1100–1600 K at a pressure of 600 Torr. The nascent products were identified in situ in a supersonic molecular beam via single photon vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization coupled with a mass spectroscopic analysis of the ions in a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ReTOF). Our studies probe, for the first time, the initial reaction products formed in the decomposition of n-decane—including radicals and thermally labile closed-shell species effectively excluding mass growth processes. The present study identified 18 products: molecular hydrogen (H2), C2 to C7 1-alkenes [ethylene (C2H4) to 1-heptene (C7H14)], C1–C3 radicals [methyl (CH3), vinyl (C2H3), ethyl (C2H5), propargyl (C3H3), allyl (C3H5)], small C1–C3 hydrocarbons [methane (CH4), acetylene (C2H2), allene (C3H4), methylacetylene (C3H4)], along w...

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Combined Experimental and Computational Study on the Unimolecular Decomposition of JP-8 Jet Fuel Surrogates. I. n-Decane (n-C10H22)

In this paper, we report the application of the advanced distillation-curve (ADC) approach to the gas turbine fuels Jet-A, JP-8, and JP-5, in order to obtain information about the variability of th...

Application of the Advanced Distillation Curve Method to the Variability of Jet Fuels

Ocean-going ships burn heavy fuel oil. The combustion of heavy fuel oil in marine diesel engines emits nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and particulates into the air. Growing public concern over air quality has led to increased scrutiny of heavy fuel oil as a source of air pollutants, with calls for greater regulation of its composition to safeguard public health and the environment. Heavy fuel oil is a complex mixture, prepared by blending residual oil from petroleum distillation with more volatile fractions to meet industry standards. The fuel composition has a significant effect on the type and amount of combustion products produced, but the complexity of heavy fuel oil blends has hindered past efforts at analysis. The advanced distillation curve (ADC) method was developed as a complex fluid analysis protocol, combining thermophysical and chemical properties measurement. We applied the ADC method, under reduced pressure, to a sample of IFO 380 intermediate fuel oil to characterize its volatility and com...

Analysis of Marine Diesel Fuel with the Advanced Distillation Curve Method

Additive packages are used with aviation kerosenes to achieve performance enhancements, such as higher or lower operating temperatures or increased lubricity. An additive that is used to increase operating temperatures for heat sink applications is the +100 additive that is added to JP-8. As part of a large effort on the characterization of JP-8, we measured the effect of the +100 additive on the volatility of JP-8 by use of the composition-explicit or advanced distillation curve approach. We found that the vaporization temperatures increased modestly in the early stages of the distillation but the difference disappeared after the 70% distillate fraction. We tracked selected components of the additive through the distillation curve and related the concentration to the temperature data grid. This allowed us to determine that the heaviest components of the additive are concentrated late in the distillation curve and a significant quantity in the recovered residue. Still incomplete is our understanding of th...

Comparison of JP-8 and JP-8+100 with the Advanced Distillation Curve Approach

In this paper, we apply the composition explicit distillation curve method to mixtures of JP-8 with hydroprocessed aviation fuels made from camelina (a genus within the flowering plant family Brass...

Kathryn R. Abel

Papers

Analysis of Marine Diesel Fuel with the Advanced Distillation Curve Method

Comparison of JP-8 and JP-8+100 with the Advanced Distillation Curve Approach

Volatility of Mixtures of JP-8 with Biomass Derived Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet Fuels by the Composition Explicit Distillation Curve Method

Advanced Distillation Curve Analysis of Marine Diesel Fuel