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Cognition In The Wild

Function allocation refers to strategies for distributing system functions and tasks across people and technology. We review approaches to function allocation in the context of human machine teamin...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1555343419878038

Function Allocation Considerations in the Era of Human Autonomy Teaming

Teaming with industrial cobots: A socio-technical perspective on safety analysis

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to delineate the research challenges of human—machine collaboration in risky decision-making. Technological advances in machine intelligence have enabled a growing number of applications in human—machine collaborative decision-making. Therefore, it is desirable to achieve superior performance by fully leveraging human and machine capabilities. In risky decision-making, a human decision-maker is vulnerable to cognitive biases when judging the possible outcomes of a risky event, whereas a machine decision-maker cannot handle new and dynamic contexts with incomplete information well. We first summarize features of risky decision-making and possible biases of human decision-makers therein. Then, we argue the necessity and urgency of advancing human—machine collaboration in risky decision-making. Afterward, we review the literature on human—machine collaboration in a general decision context, from the perspectives of human—machine organization, relationship, and collaboration. Lastly, we propose challenges of enhancing human—machine communication and teamwork in risky decision-making, followed by future research avenues. 

/pdf/challenges-of-human-machine-collaboration-in-risky-decision-23xu7iwq.pdf

Challenges of human—machine collaboration in risky decision-making

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42524-021-0182-0.pdf

A Strategy for Determining Optimal Crewing in Future Vertical Lift: Human-Automation Function Allocation

The United States Army is developing and procuring their next generation of rotorcraft, called the Future Vertical Lift (FVL) program. FVL rotorcraft will fly faster and incorporate new work requir...

Human Factors in Future Vertical Lift, the U.S. Army’s Next Generation Rotorcraft:

This paper describes a cognitive task analysis of the strategies single-seat fighter jet pilots use to support wingmen and other flight mates in recovering from disorienting physiological events (PE). Pilots are extensively trained to “aviate, navigate, and communicate” to maintain situation awareness (SA). However, pilot SA can be unexpectedly impaired by PE, such as gravity-induced loss of consciousness (GLOC), spatial disorientation, and hypoxia, that can dim the pilot’s “mental screen” or completely “pull the plug” on the pilot’s consciousness. In the case of GLOC, pilots may be mentally absent and unresponsive for 1-2 minutes (e.g., Tripp et al., 2009); hypoxia’s cognitive effects have been shown to persist for up to 2 hours (Philips, Horning, & Funke, 2015). These PE events require a pilot to recognize and address the PE, maintain their aircraft, and rebuild SA within a dynamic team environment. Recovery from a PE is likely to require adaptive replanning and coordination with air battle managers and other pilots, indicating that identification and recovery from a PE event should be conceived of as an individual task embedded within a complex team response. However, both PE recovery actions and teammate support for PE have received limited coverage in the scientific literature. Therefore, a primary goal for this project was to identify strategies that pilots use to recognize and render aid to another pilot who has experienced a PE.

Katie Ernst

Papers

Function Allocation Considerations in the Era of Human Autonomy Teaming

A Strategy for Determining Optimal Crewing in Future Vertical Lift: Human-Automation Function Allocation

Human Factors in Future Vertical Lift, the U.S. Army’s Next Generation Rotorcraft:

“Why aren’t you talking?” Pilot strategies for helping a wingman recover from a physiological event