Software-defined network (SDN) has become one of the most important architectures for the management of largescale complex networks, which may require repolicing or reconfigurations from time to time. SDN achieves easy repolicing by decoupling the control plane from data plane. Thus, the network routers/switches just simply forward packets by following the flow table rules set by the control plane. Currently, OpenFlow is the most popular SDN protocol/standard and has a set of design specifications. Although SDN/OpenFlow is a relatively new area, it has attracted much attention from both academia and industry. In this paper, we will conduct a comprehensive survey of the important topics in SDN/OpenFlow implementation, including the basic concept, applications, language abstraction, controller, virtualization, quality of service, security, and its integration with wireless and optical networks. We will compare the pros and cons of different schemes and discuss the future research trends in this exciting area. This survey can help both industry and academia R&D people to understand the latest progress of SDN/OpenFlow designs.

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A Survey on Software-Defined Network and OpenFlow: From Concept to Implementation

In recent years, the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices/sensors has increased to a great extent. To support the computational demand of real-time latency-sensitive applications of largely geo-distributed IoT devices/sensors, a new computing paradigm named "Fog computing" has been introduced. Generally, Fog computing resides closer to the IoT devices/sensors and extends the Cloud-based computing, storage and networking facilities. In this chapter, we comprehensively analyse the challenges in Fogs acting as an intermediate layer between IoT devices/ sensors and Cloud datacentres and review the current developments in this field. We present a taxonomy of Fog computing according to the identified challenges and its key features.We also map the existing works to the taxonomy in order to identify current research gaps in the area of Fog computing. Moreover, based on the observations, we propose future directions for research.

Fog Computing: A Taxonomy, Survey and Future Directions

Survey on fog computing

Cloud computing with its three key facets (i.e., Infrastructure-as-a-Service, Platform-as-a-Service, and Software-as-a-Service) and its inherent advantages (e.g., elasticity and scalability) still faces several challenges. The distance between the cloud and the end devices might be an issue for latency-sensitive applications such as disaster management and content delivery applications. Service level agreements (SLAs) may also impose processing at locations where the cloud provider does not have data centers. Fog computing is a novel paradigm to address such issues. It enables provisioning resources and services outside the cloud, at the edge of the network, closer to end devices, or eventually, at locations stipulated by SLAs. Fog computing is not a substitute for cloud computing but a powerful complement. It enables processing at the edge while still offering the possibility to interact with the cloud. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on fog computing. It critically reviews the state of the art in the light of a concise set of evaluation criteria. We cover both the architectures and the algorithms that make fog systems. Challenges and research directions are also introduced. In addition, the lessons learned are reviewed and the prospects are discussed in terms of the key role fog is likely to play in emerging technologies such as tactile Internet.

/pdf/a-comprehensive-survey-on-fog-computing-state-of-the-art-and-4fbh4oy5fy.pdf

A Comprehensive Survey on Fog Computing: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges

In recent years, the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices/sensors has increased to a great extent. To support the computational demand of real-time latency-sensitive applications of largely geo-distributed IoT devices/sensors, a new computing paradigm named “Fog computing” has been introduced. Generally, Fog computing resides closer to the IoT devices/sensors and extends the Cloud-based computing, storage and networking facilities. In this chapter, we comprehensively analyse the challenges in Fogs acting as an intermediate layer between IoT devices/sensors and Cloud datacentres and review the current developments in this field. We present a taxonomy of Fog computing according to the identified challenges and its key features. We also map the existing works to the taxonomy in order to identify current research gaps in the area of Fog computing. Moreover, based on the observations, we propose future directions for research.

Challenging 5G requirements have been proposed to enable the provision of more satisfactory services to users. One of the most critical 5G enhancements is extremely low latency compared with that of 4G. Various 5G applications will be supported by Cloud computing services. However, Cloud services sometimes have a long communication distance because of the physical location of data centers. Fog computing architecture is being introduced in 5G cellular networks to shorten the latency arising from the location of data centers. The communication delay as well as the computing delay must be considered for latency-sensitive applications. A Fog server serving many users will probably have a longer computing delay than a Fog server with a lighter workload. To clarify the computing delay and communication delay in Fog architecture, we define a mathematical model of a Fog network and the important related parameters. We also analyze results from a model used to evaluate three different policies for selecting the target Fog server for each task. We conducted simulations to evaluate this model.

Analysis of fog model considering computing and communication latency in 5G cellular networks

Title Simulation Study of Low Latency Network Architecture Using Mobile Edge Computing Author(s) INTHARAWIJITR, Krittin; IIDA, Katsuyoshi; KOGA, Hiroyuki Citation IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, E100.D(5), 963-972 https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2016NTP0003 Issue Date 2017-05 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/71035 Rights Copyright ©2018 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers Type article File Information E100.D_2016NTP0003.pdf

/pdf/simulation-study-of-low-latency-network-architecture-using-476my7bcp3.pdf

Simulation Study of Low Latency Network Architecture Using Mobile Edge Computing

In mobile networks, new technologies are needed to enable mobile hosts to move across various kinds of wireless access networks. In the past, many researchers have studied handover in IP networks. In almost all cases, special network devices are needed to maintain the host’s mobility. However, in these technologies, mobile hosts cannot move across different wireless access networks without closing the connection and degrading the goodput. To overcome these, we propose here a multi-path transmission algorithm for end-to-end seamless handover. The main purpose of this algorithm is to improve the goodput during handover by sending the same packets along multiple paths, reducing unnecessary consumption of network resources. We evaluate our algorithm through simulations and show that mobile hosts gain a better goodput.

Multi-Path Transmission Algorithm for End-to-End Seamless Handover across Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks

Domain Name System is the most widely used protocol for domain name resolution in the Internet. Domain name resolution is necessary for most of Internet services and it is usually provided by DNS full resolvers. Unfortunately, many reports indicated that DNS protocol was also used in botnet communication recently. Botnet communications between bot-infected computers and Command and Control (C&C) servers are indispensable in botnet attacks and the involved DNS traffic may not use DNS full resolvers. More importantly, due to the popularity of DNS protocol it is difficult to simply block the DNS traffic from internal computers. Several related works have been launched but they only focus on DNS full resolvers. In this paper, we focus on monitoring direct outbound DNS queries and propose a new botnet communication detection method by collecting authoritative NS (Name Server) record and its IP address. We monitored all DNS traffic for about three months in our university and checked the destination IP addresses of direct outbound DNS queries in a third party security site to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results confirmed that about 19% IP addresses in average have hits per day which indicates that our proposed method is effective and the hit rate is acceptable for detailed investigation in real operation.

Design of Detecting Botnet Communication by Monitoring Direct Outbound DNS Queries

To protect SDN-enabled networks under large-scale, unexpected link failures, we propose ResilientFlow that deploys distributed modules called Control Channel Maintenance Module (CCMM) for every switch and controllers. The CCMMs makes switches able to maintain their own control channels, which are core and fundamental part of SDN. In this paper, we design, implement, and evaluate the ResilientFlow.

Katsuyoshi Iida

Papers

Analysis of fog model considering computing and communication latency in 5G cellular networks

Simulation Study of Low Latency Network Architecture Using Mobile Edge Computing

Multi-Path Transmission Algorithm for End-to-End Seamless Handover across Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks

Design of Detecting Botnet Communication by Monitoring Direct Outbound DNS Queries

ResilientFlow: Deployments of distributed control channel maintenance modules to recover SDN from unexpected failures