I should start by making it clear that this work of scholarship is a very valuable study of human injustices and inequalities in relation to environmental challenges rather than being about the concept, espoused by those of the deep ecology persuasion, of justice for the environment. In this very serious context it is worth reminding ourselves that farmers not only work hard on our behalf but also, whether it be the water deficit of prolonged and grinding drought, inundation and water-logging of the land, or the pressures of illconsidered environmental policy, are always the front line of exposure to environmental risk. So, I read this new work with a keen eye to its significance for an understanding of the natural and social origins of disparities manifest across the spectrum of those involved in food production and those who live close to the categories of risks which challenge food security. To be fair though, it was not Walker’s objective systematically to engage this sector of the unlevel playing field. Perhaps then I should not be disappointed for instance that there is no chapter dealing expressly with human disparities in relation to secure access to ecosystem resources or infrastructures relevant to agricultural sustainability eg land tenure, water distribution. Nevertheless, in presenting a thoughtful and extensive analysis of the diverse ways in which disparities arise and in which the voices of the disadvantaged and powerless come to be and continue to go unheard, he provides us with a valuable platform. From this we can extend our thinking from his case studies into the specific areas which concern us when thinking about the food chain and tenuous rural livelihoods. In this regard he is successful in portraying environmental justice as an aspiration as well as a set of actions on behalf of the disadvantaged. His setting is a negotiability space in which a plurality of actors, from activists to commercial agents to institutional bureaucrats, articulate the various buttons and levers of concepts, actualities and political expediency, and he rightly warns us against the temptation to resort to the over-simplifications of easily constructed causalities and villains within the complexity of this scenario. Beyond this his treatment of the issues surrounding climate (change), flood vulnerability and access to urban green-space is of direct relevance or at least of crossinformative value to those of us prepared to entertain the idea that justice, empowerment and cautious redress are essential co-requisites of global food security. The introductory chapters of the work are devoted to the development of the author’s general approach to disaggregating the natures and origins of the injustices and the disparities of exposure to risk or access to resources. In doing so he moves environmental issues from their origins in the early notions of environmentalism and distributive justice in the USA into the broader contemporary global frame of politics, activist networks and participative justice. As James Boyle pointed out in his critical review of a previous treatment of the subject (Mcnaughten and Urry, Contested Natures ) the environmentalist genre in which justice and disparity are converged can be prone to an encounter with the naturalistic fallacy. That is, a flirtation with the dangers of conflating the values or “oughts” of concepts of justice with the “is” of the facts of disparity, which, for the eighteenth century philosopher David Hume, reaches its most extreme form in attempts to derive a value from a fact or an “ought” from an “is”, or to derive a moral

Environmental justice: concepts, evidence and politics

Road and transport infrastructure development and community support for tourism: The role of perceived benefits, and community satisfaction

The restoration of the ancient Silk Road intends to reconnect China with Africa, the Middle East, and Europe through a railway network, airports, roads, seaports, and an optical fiber system. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has three components. One Belt, One Road (OBOR) is based upon two parts of the BRI; the maritime Silk Road and the Silk Road economic belt. OBOR is based upon six economic corridors. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is the smartest corridor under OBOR, which passes only through Pakistan, and after completion, will provide a safe and cheap route for China to import oil and energy. CPEC is a multidimensional project under which much infrastructure development initiative has been started to improve the infrastructure and economic development of Pakistan. Infrastructure development is an essential requirement in economic growth, one which further leads to industrialization and is helpful in economic development. The present study was conducted in Pakistan and explored how infrastructure development under the CPEC is useful for the sustainable development of Pakistan, as well as which kind of infrastructure development projects have been included in the CPEC to improve the socio-economic paradigm of Pakistan. A sample of 500 respondents was selected through a multistage sampling technique from the two-node cities. A questionnaire survey was used to collect primary data. The results of the study show that the CPEC is a catalyst for Pakistan to improve its socio-economic conditions and to achieve sustainable development. The participants of the survey agreed that CPEC will improve the socio-economic paradigm of Pakistan and will be helpful in the achievement of sustainable development goals.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/21/6143/pdf

Sustainable Development under Belt and Road Initiative: A Case Study of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor’s Socio-Economic Impact on Pakistan

The study is based on validating and exploring the effects of a mega project plan (CPEC) on infrastructure development and Sustainable Project Management. The CPEC has great importance to infrastructure development and economy-boosting. The current study's primary aim is to deal with environmental protection, economic boost up, international relations influencing to the Project's success. The paper also addressed project management as a moderator between environmental protection, economic boost up, international relations, and the CPEC project's success. The primary data has been gathered by using questionnaires, and PLS-SEM has been employed for the analysis. The results revealed that environmental protection, economy boost up, and international relations have a positive association with the success of CPEC. The outcomes also exposed that project management moderating among the nexus of economy boosts up the international relations and success of CPEC. The present study results guided how Pakistan and China make the CPEC project stronger with the efficient implementation of practices required for protecting the environment, with the economic growth and boost up, and good strong relations with foreign countries. This study was an attempt to validate the different factors to check their association with each other in a new environment, resulting in a leading edge for the success of mega projects that influence project management.

/pdf/exploring-and-validating-the-effects-of-mega-projects-on-3fwer6s9gm.pdf

Exploring and Validating the Effects of Mega Projects on Infrastructure Development Influencing Sustainable Environment and Project Management.

China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) development projects and entrepreneurial potential of locals

Purpose




Road and transportation has a significant role in the prosperity, economic growth and development of a region. The main purpose of this study is to conduct an in-depth analysis of local residents’ attitude towards road and transport infrastructure (China–Pakistan economic corridor, CPEC) and the wider economic, social, cultural and environmental impact on local people.




Design/methodology/approach




Data were collected using a questionnaire survey from the local people. Factor analysis and structural equation modelling approach were used to test the relation between the observed and latent variables.




Findings




The result discovered that road infrastructure has significant socio-economic and cultural impacts that significantly affect the local people support for CPEC development. It also revealed that more promotion and awareness regarding benefits of the project for dwellers lead to more support of the local residents in the study area.




Practical implications




Information provided by this study will help policymakers to gain local resident support for the project and make policies accordingly for the future projects.




Originality/value




This study investigated the attitude and support of the local people based on the road infrastructure’s social, economic, cultural and environmental impact, which has never been examined in the existing literature.

Local residents’ attitude towards road and transport infrastructure (a case of China Pakistan economic corridor)

Road and transport corridor play a significant role in the development of the country. This study examines the socio economic impact of China Pakistan Economic Corridor. Pakistan and China has great relations from the beginning. China Pakistan economic corridor is very significant for both countries as it provide access of China to the warm water of Arabian Sea through a short and safe route which will save billions of shipping charges and time and will cover the current energy crises in Pakistan and provide employment and trade opportunities for the local people which will minimize unemployment and poverty in Pakistan and will improve the living standard and boost the economy of Pakistan.

Kausar Bibi

Papers

Local residents’ attitude towards road and transport infrastructure (a case of China Pakistan economic corridor)

The Potential Socio-Economic Impact of China Pakistan Economic Corridor