http://digitalknowledge.cput.ac.za/bitstream/11189/7476/1/A%20review%20on%20environmental%20monitoring%20of%20water.pdf

A review on environmental monitoring of water organic pollutants identified by EU guidelines

Current status of persistent organic pesticides residues in air, water, and soil, and their possible effect on neighboring countries: a comprehensive review of India.

Microbial degradation of organophosphate pesticides: a review.

Fungal diseases have been underestimated worldwide but constitute a substantial threat to several plant and animal species as well as to public health. The increase in the global population has entailed an increase in the demand for agriculture in recent decades. Accordingly, there has been worldwide pressure to find means to improve the quality and productivity of agricultural crops. Antifungal agents have been widely used as an alternative for managing fungal diseases affecting several crops. However, the unregulated use of antifungals can jeopardize public health. Application of fungicides in agriculture should be under strict regulation to ensure the toxicological safety of commercialized foods. This review discusses the use of antifungals in agriculture worldwide, the need to develop new antifungals, and improvement of regulations regarding antifungal use.

Antifungal Agents in Agriculture: Friends and Foes of Public Health

Pollution status and bioremediation of chlorpyrifos in environmental matrices by the application of bacterial communities: A review

The organochlorines (OClPs) and organophosphates (OPPs) pesticides in surface and ground water having intensive agriculture activity were investigated to evaluate their potential pollution and risks on human health. As per USEPA 8081 B method, liquid-liquid extraction followed by Gas-Chromatographic technique with electron capture detector and mass selective detector (GC-MS) were used for monitoring of pesticides. Among organochlorines, α,β,γ,δ HCH’s, aldrin, dicofol, DDT and its derivatives, α,β endosulphan’s and endosulphan-sulphate were analysed; dichlorovos, ethion, parathion-methyl, phorate, chlorpyrifos and profenofos were determined among organophosphates. As compared to ground water, higher concentrations of OClPs and OPPs were found in surface water. Throughout the monitoring study, α - HCH (0.39 μg/L in Amravati region),α - endosulphan (0.78 μg/L in Yavatmal region), chlorpyrifos (0.25 μg/L in Bhandara region) and parathion-methyl (0.09 μg/L in Amravati region) are frequently found pesticide in ground water, whereas α,β,γ-HCH (0.39 μg/L in Amravati region), α,β - endosulphan (0.42 μg/L in Amravati region), dichlorovos (0.25 μg/L in Yavatmal region), parathion-methyl (0.42 μg/L in Bhandara region), phorate (0.33 μg/L in Yavatmal region) were found in surface water. Surface water was found to be more contaminated than ground water with more number of and more concentrated pesticides. Among pesticides water samples are found to be more contaminated by organophosphate than organochlorine. Pesticides in the surface water samples from Bhandara and Yavatmal region exceeded the EU (European Union) limit of 1.0 μg/L (sum of pesticide levels in surface water) but were within the WHO guidelines for individual pesticides.

/pdf/comparison-of-pesticide-residues-in-surface-water-and-ground-2ongz00djd.pdf

Comparison of pesticide residues in surface water and ground water of agriculture intensive areas

Emerging environmental contaminants: A global perspective on policies and regulations.

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are a class of emerging xenobiotic compounds that are extensively used as plasticizers. In recent times, there has been an increasing concern over the risk of this pervasive pollution exposure causing endocrine disruption and carcinogenicity in humans and animals. The widespread use of PAEs in home and industrial applications has resulted in their discharge in aquatic bodies via leaching, volatilization, and precipitation. In this overview, the current state of PAE pollution, its potential origins, its fate, as well as its effects on the aquatic environment are discussed. A state‐of‐the‐art review of several studies in the literature that focus on the biological degradation of PAEs is included in this study. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive view of current research on PAEs in the environment, highlighting its fate and alleviated risks on the aquatic biotas, their challenges, future prospects, and the need for good management and policies for its remediation.

The occurrence, fate, toxicity, and biodegradation of phthalate esters: An overview

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are a group of treatment technologies, which aim at efficient decomposition of pollutants. The AOPs are based on oxidation of pollutants using various single or combinational techniques generating free radicals, thereby leading to oxidative degradation and complete mineralization of pollutants. Conventional AOPs based on ultraviolet (UV) irradiation are commonly used for destruction of microorganisms in the household filters. These techniques have also been used to remediate conventional and upcoming pollutants like pesticides, Pharmaceuticals etc., which are normally persistent in nature. The various combinations used for generating reactive radicals in AOPs are fenton, photofenton, ozone, UV radiations, sonolysis etc. In the present study, degradation using various AOPs and different pesticides was performed for the organochlorine group of pesticides. It was found to be effective for degradation of the targeted pesticides which are otherwise, persistent in nature. The response of the studied pesticides was different for all the AOPs used, which include, UV photolysis, H2O2 degradation, UV-H2O2, fenton’s etc. Studies have been performed in the aqueous matrix and degradation rates are determined for the different reactions. The rate of degradation was found to be significantly enhanced in presence of H2O2 and fenton’s reagent with UV irradiation rather than UV alone.

/pdf/advanced-oxidation-processes-for-the-degradation-of-2rwu52kp.pdf

Kavita N Gandhi

Papers

Comparison of pesticide residues in surface water and ground water of agriculture intensive areas

Emerging environmental contaminants: A global perspective on policies and regulations.

The occurrence, fate, toxicity, and biodegradation of phthalate esters: An overview

Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Degradation of Organochlorine Pesticides

Carbon nanomaterials for facilitated solar-powered wastewater treatment