A comprehensive review on PEM water electrolysis

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2014/cy/c4cy00669k

Developments and perspectives of oxide-based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction

Oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions on Ru, RuO2, Ir, and IrO2 thin film electrodes in acidic and alkaline electrolytes: A comparative study on activity and stability

Single-atom precious metal catalysts hold the promise of perfect atom utilization, yet control of their activity and stability remains challenging. Here we show that engineering the electronic structure of atomically dispersed Ru1 on metal supports via compressive strain boosts the kinetically sluggish electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and mitigates the degradation of Ru-based electrocatalysts in an acidic electrolyte. We construct a series of alloy-supported Ru1 using different PtCu alloys through sequential acid etching and electrochemical leaching, and find a volcano relation between OER activity and the lattice constant of the PtCu alloys. Our best catalyst, Ru1–Pt3Cu, delivers 90 mV lower overpotential to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and an order of magnitude longer lifetime over that of commercial RuO2. Density functional theory investigations reveal that the compressive strain of the Ptskin shell engineers the electronic structure of the Ru1, allowing optimized binding of oxygen species and better resistance to over-oxidation and dissolution. While Ru-based electrocatalysts are among the most active for acidic water oxidation, they suffer from severe deactivation. Now, Yuen Wu, Wei-Xue Li and co-workers report a core–shell Ru1–Pt3Cu catalyst with surface-dispersed Ru atoms for a highly active and stable oxygen evolution reaction in acid electrolyte.

Engineering the electronic structure of single atom Ru sites via compressive strain boosts acidic water oxidation electrocatalysis

Electrocatalytic properties of transition metal oxides for oxygen evolution reaction

Anodic evolution of oxygen on ruthenium in acidic solutions

Preparation of ruthenium dioxide electrodes and their anodic polarization characteristics in acidic solutions

A process of producing a metallic foil by electrolysis is disclosed, which comprises using an insoluble electrode having an electrode active coating composed of a composite oxide of iridium and tantalum on an oxygen impermeable coating formed on a thin film-forming metal substrate as an anode and depositing impurities in the electrolytic bath on the anode at an anodic potential higher than the electric potential at which the impurities in the electrolytic bath form insoluble oxides on the anode.

Production process of metallic foil by electrolysis

Evaluation of Ag-based gas-diffusion electrode for two-compartment cell used in novel chlor-alkali membrane process

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hydrogenating method and the device capable of more rapidly and efficiently treating a large quantity of a material to cause reaction compared to a hydrogenation method using conventional electrolytically generated hydrogen. SOLUTION: An electrolytic cell main body 1 is divided into an electrolytic section 3 and a hydrogenation section 4 by a cathode 2 made from a hydrogen occluding material and a porous hydrogen occluding body is installed in electrically contact with the cathode in the hydrogenation section. Hydrogen occluded in the cathode is not released as a gas by being occluded even if excess hydrogen is generated and is effectively utilized. Further, even when power supply to the electrode is stopped, an organic material is continued to be hydrogenated by hydrogen occluded in the cathode and then, the consumption of electric power is saved. Hydrogen is continuously generated by the electrolysis and then is never exhausted as it is in the conventional one.

Kazuhiro Hirao

Papers

Anodic evolution of oxygen on ruthenium in acidic solutions

Preparation of ruthenium dioxide electrodes and their anodic polarization characteristics in acidic solutions

Production process of metallic foil by electrolysis

Evaluation of Ag-based gas-diffusion electrode for two-compartment cell used in novel chlor-alkali membrane process

Hydrogenating method and electrolytic cell