https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/4351774/2009%20PBI%20review%20Progress%20in%20Polymer%20Science%2034,%205,%20449-477.pdf

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

The invention provides an anode capable of relaxing stress due to expansion and shrinkage of an anode active material layer associated with charge and discharge, or an anode capable of reducing structural destruction of the anode active material layer and reactivity between the anode active material layer and an electrolyte associated with charge and discharge, and a battery using it. The anode active material layer contains an element capable of forming an alloy with Li, for example, at least one from the group consisting of simple substances, alloys, and compounds of Si or Ge. An interlayer containing a material having superelasticity or shape-memory effect is provided between an anode current collector and the anode active material layer. Otherwise, the anode current collector is made of the material having superelasticity or shape-memory effect. Otherwise, a thin film layer containing the material having superelasticity or shape-memory effect is formed on the anode active material layer.

Anode and battery

Disclosed is a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery. The positive active material includes a core and a surface-treatment layer on the core. The core includes at least one lithiated compound and the surface-treatment layer includes at least one coating material selected from the group consisting of coating element included-hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, oxycarbonates, hydroxycarbonates and any mixture thereof.

Positive active material for rechargeable lithium battery and method of preparing same

A battery includes a positive electrode having a current collector and a first active material and a negative electrode having a current collector and a second active material. The battery also includes an auxiliary electrode having a current collector and a third active material. The auxiliary electrode is configured for selective electrical connection to one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The first active material, second active material, and third active material are configured to allow doping and undoping of lithium ions. The third active material exhibits charging and discharging capacity below a corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode and above a decomposition potential of the first active material.

Lithium-ion battery

Graphitic nanofibers, which include tubular fullerenes (commonly called 'buckytubes'), nanotubes and fibrils, which are fucntionalized by chemical substitution, are used as electrodes in electrochemical capacitors. The graphitic nanofiber based electrode increases the performance of the electrochemical capacitors.

Graphitic nanofibers in electrochemical capacitors

A hybrid electrode for a high power, high energy, electrical storage device contains both a high-energy electrode material (42) and a high-rate electrode material (44). The two materials are deposited on a current collector (40), and the electrode is used to make an energy storage device that exhibits both the high-rate capability of a capacitor and the high energy capability of a battery. The two materials can be co-deposited on the current collector in a variety of ways, either in superimposed layers, adjacent layers, intermixed with each other or one material coating the other to form a mixture that is then deposited on the current collector.

High power, high energy, hybrid electrode and electrical energy storage device made therefrom

An electrochemical cell is provided with first (10) and second (11) electrodes and a solid polymer electrolyte (15) disposed therebetween. The solid polymer electrolyte is preferably fabricated by providing a linear powdered polymeric precursor material which is thereafter heated to temperatures sufficient to drive off moisture and in the presence of an electrolyte active species. The electrolyte active species is preferably an acidic electrolyte active species which has the effect of protonating the powdered polymeric precursor material. Electrochemical cells fabricated using these devices demonstrate performance characteristics far better than those available in the prior art.

Electrochemical cell having a polymer electrolyte

Electrodes (10, 11) for electrochemical capacitor are modified with a metal macrocyclic complex made up of phthalocyanine or porphyrin ligands bound to a transition metal to achieve improved conductivity, reversibility, and charge storage capacity. The electrodes (10, 11) are formed from a metal base and coated with an oxide, nitride or carbide of a transition metal or with a conductive polymer. This coating (13) is modified with the metal macrocyclic complex. Suitable metal macrocyclic complexes are iron phthalocyanine (FePc), iron meso-tetra (N-methyl-4-phenyl) porphyrin (FeTPP) or cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP).

Macrocyclic complex modified electrodes and capacitors made therefrom

An electrochemical cell is provided with a first and second electrode assemblies (10) (11), and an electrolyte (15) disposed therebetween. The electrodes may either be of the same or different materials and may be fabricated from ruthenium, iridium, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, iron, molybdenum, nickel, silver, zinc, and combinations thereof. The electrode assemblies are fabricated by depositing a layer (16) of a conductive ink adhesive on a surface of a current collecting substrate (12). Thereafter, a layer of powdered active material (18) is impregnated onto the surface of the conductive ink layer.

Electrodes for electrochemical cells and method of making same

An electrolyte (15) for an electrochemical cell is provided. The electrolyte (15) is an admixture of H3PO4 and a high temperature polymer such as poly(benzimidazole) in ratios between 2:1 and 50:1. Fumed silica is added to the electrolyte (15) at levels between 0.2 % and 8 % by weight. An electrochemical cell is fabricated using the electrolyte (15), and exhibits improved adhesion between the electrolyte (15) and the electrode (13).

Ke Keryn Lian

Papers

High power, high energy, hybrid electrode and electrical energy storage device made therefrom

Electrochemical cell having a polymer electrolyte

Macrocyclic complex modified electrodes and capacitors made therefrom

Electrodes for electrochemical cells and method of making same

Polymer electrolyte and an electrochemical cell containing the electrolyte