CRAIG, C. L., A. L. MARSHALL, M. SJOSTROM, A. E. BAUMAN, M. L. BOOTH, B. E. AINSWORTH, M. PRATT, U. EKELUND, A. YNGVE, J. F. SALLIS, and P. OJA. International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12-Country Reliability and Validity. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 35, No. 8, pp. 1381-1395, 2003. Background: Physical inactivity is a global concern, but diverse physical activity measures in use prevent international comparisons. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed as an instrument for cross-national monitoring of physical activity and inactivity. Methods: Between 1997 and 1998, an International Consensus Group developed four long and four short forms of the IPAQ instruments (administered by telephone interview or self-administration, with two alternate reference periods, either the "last 7 d" or a "usual week" of recalled physical activity). During 2000, 14 centers from 12 countries collected reliability and/or validity data on at least two of the eight IPAQ instruments. Test-retest repeatability was assessed within the same week. Concurrent (inter-method) validity was assessed at the same administration, and criterion IPAQ validity was assessed against the CSA (now MTI) accelerometer. Spearman's correlation coefficients are reported, based on the total reported physical activity. Results: Overall, the IPAQ questionnaires produced repeatable data (Spearman's clustered around 0.8), with comparable data from short and long forms. Criterion validity had a median of about 0.30, which was comparable to most other self-report validation studies. The "usual week" and "last 7 d" reference periods performed similarly, and the reliability of telephone administration was similar to the self-administered mode. Conclusions: The IPAQ instruments have acceptable measurement properties, at least as good as other established self-reports. Considering the diverse samples in this study, IPAQ has reasonable measurement properties for monitoring population levels of physical activity among 18- to 65-yr-old adults in diverse settings. The short IPAQ form "last 7 d recall" is recommended for national monitoring and the long form for research requiring more detailed assessment. Key Words: MEASUREMENT, SURVEILLANCE, EPIDEMIOLOGY

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International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)

We provide an updated version of the Compendium of Physical Activities, a coding scheme that classifies specific physical activity (PA) by rate of energy expenditure. It was developed to enhance the comparability of results across studies using self-reports of PA. The Compendium coding scheme links a five-digit code that describes physical activities by major headings (e.g., occupation, transportation, etc.) and specific activities within each major heading with its intensity, defined as the ratio of work metabolic rate to a standard resting metabolic rate (MET). Energy expenditure in MET-minutes, MET-hours, kcal, or kcal per kilogram body weight can be estimated for specific activities by type or MET intensity. Additions to the Compendium were obtained from studies describing daily PA patterns of adults and studies measuring the energy cost of specific physical activities in field settings. The updated version includes two new major headings of volunteer and religious activities, extends the number of specific activities from 477 to 605, and provides updated MET intensity levels for selected activities.

http://www.lisaworkman.com/uploads/3/1/7/1/3171788/ainsworth_et_al._2000_-_msse.pdf

Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities.

Objective. —To encourage increased participation in physical activity among Americans of all ages by issuing a public health recommendation on the types and amounts of physical activity needed for health promotion and disease prevention. Participants. —A planning committee of five scientists was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine to organize a workshop. This committee selected 15 other workshop discussants on the basis of their research expertise in issues related to the health implications of physical activity. Several relevant professional or scientific organizations and federal agencies also were represented. Evidence. —The panel of experts reviewed the pertinent physiological, epidemiologic, and clinical evidence, including primary research articles and recent review articles. Consensus Process. —Major issues related to physical activity and health were outlined, and selected members of the expert panel drafted sections of the paper from this outline. A draft manuscript was prepared by the planning committee and circulated to the full panel in advance of the 2-day workshop. During the workshop, each section of the manuscript was reviewed by the expert panel. Primary attention was given to achieving group consensus concerning the recommended types and amounts of physical activity. A concise "public health message" was developed to express the recommendations of the panel. During the ensuing months, the consensus statement was further reviewed and revised and was formally endorsed by both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. Conclusion. —Every US adult should accumulate 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days of the week. ( JAMA . 1995;273:402-407)

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/JAMA/articlepdf/386766/jama_273_5_029.pdf

Physical Activity and Public Health: A Recommendation From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine

Background Over 60% of Latinas report not meeting moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines of 150 min/week. Ecological models of health posit that intrapersonal and environmental factors interact with one another to influence physical activity. Understanding their interactions in relation to transportation behaviors may inform interventions to increase Latinas’ physical activity. Purpose To 1) objectively estimate walking and vehicle time in Latinas, 2) examine the association of, and interactions between, intrapersonal (socio-demographics and weight status) and neighborhood environmental correlates with objective daily walking and vehicle time. Methods A subsample of Latinas (n = 87) participating in a health intervention wore an accelerometer and GPS device for at least two valid wear days at baseline. The Personal Activity Location and Measurement System (PALMS) software estimated daily walking and vehicle time. Participants’ anthropometrics were measured, and they completed a survey assessing socio-demographic characteristics and perceived neighborhood environment. Generalized linear mixed models examined main effects and interactions of four intrapersonal and five environmental factors on daily walking and vehicle time. Results On average, participants walked 16 min/day and spent 69 min/day in a vehicle. Overweight/obesity was negatively associated with walking time (p = .04) and positively associated with vehicle time (p = 0.01). Household income was positively associated with vehicle time (p = 0.02). For daily walking time, two interactions were significant: perceived access to destinations X household income (p = 0.01), and perceived sidewalk maintenance X acculturation (p = 0.01). For daily vehicle time, two interactions were significant: perceived access to destinations X weight status (p Conclusion Latinas participated in relatively low walking time and high amounts of vehicle time. Findings suggest intrapersonal sub-group differences in the association of the neighborhood environment with walking and vehicle time. Improving neighborhood environments to promote walking and reduce vehicle time may help improve Latinas’ overall physical activity.

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Sub-population differences in the relationship between the neighborhood environment and Latinas' daily walking and vehicle time.

Purpose. There is a need for a self-report measure that assesses use of recommended strategies related to weight management. Design. Cross-sectional analysis. Setting. Universities, community. Subjects. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) involved data from 404 overweight/obese young adults (mean age = 22 years, 48% non-Hispanic white, 68% ethnic minority). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) involved data from 236 overweight/obese adults (mean age = 42 years, 63% non-Hispanic white, 84% ethnic minority). Measures. The Strategies for Weight Management (SWM) measure is a 35-item questionnaire that assesses use of recommended behavioral strategies for reducing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure in overweight/obese adults. Analysis. EFA and CFA were conducted on the SWM. Correlate models assessed the associations between SWM factor/total scores and demographics by using linear regressions. Results. EFA suggested a four-factor model: strategies categorized as targeting (1) energy intake, (2...

Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses and Demographic Correlate Models of the Strategies for Weight Management Measure for Overweight or Obese Adults

1053 evaluating a physical activity assessment for use in primary health care settings

Stalking the Perfect Journal

Recent studies recognize that health is influenced broadly by a multitude of factors of different types, including medical, genetic, environmental, social and behavioral factors. Developing successful health interventions therefore requires taking into account all these factors as well as the interactions between them. However, intervention designers have traditionally had access only to a very limited subset of health data (typically medical record data). Other health data, such as environmental or physical activity data, although already collected and stored, have been very difficult to access, since they are maintained by different providers and isolated in their own proprietary silos. This prevents physicians and intervention designers from acquiring a true overview of all factors influencing a condition and acting towards its prevention or cure. To solve this problem, we propose DELPHI: a platform allowing the integration of disparate health data into a single Whole Health Information Model (WHIM), providing a 360-degree view of an individual's health. DELPHI supports the integration of data and thus enables the design of applications and services that utilize the WHIM to offer the next generation of health services. In this paper, we describe DELPHI's architecture, outline the technical challenges encountered and describe an asthma management use case that will be enabled by DELPHI.

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Kevin Patrick

Papers

Sub-population differences in the relationship between the neighborhood environment and Latinas' daily walking and vehicle time.

Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses and Demographic Correlate Models of the Strategies for Weight Management Measure for Overweight or Obese Adults

1053 evaluating a physical activity assessment for use in primary health care settings

Stalking the Perfect Journal

DELPHI: Data E-platform for personalized population health