Hydrogen has been introduced as a potential replacement for energy resource due to the depletion of fossil fuel and raising awareness about global climate change and health problems caused by the combustion of fossil fuel. One of the attractive options to produce hydrogen is through microbial fermentation which can be classified into biophotolysis, dark fermentation, photofermentation, and microbial electrolysis cell. Among these, dark fermentation and photofermentation technologies were processes that were being studied widely. One of the reasons is that organic waste could be reused as a substrate during biohydrogen production. Although the current biohydrogen yields are low, it is expected that with improvements technology and genetic engineering, the amount of generated biohydrogen could be enhanced tremendously, and provide a sustainable way of reutilizing waste as a substrate. Thus, this paper reviews the principles of photofermentation and dark fermentation by reusing various wastes as substrates. The resulting performances, limitations, as well as future prospects of hydrogen usage and hydrogen economy are also discussed. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Biohydrogen production through photo fermentation or dark fermentation using waste as a substrate: Overview, economics, and future prospects of hydrogen usage

Batch dark fermentation experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of initial pH, substrate-to-biomass (S/X) ratio, and concentrations of Fe2+ and magnetite nanoparticles on biohydrogen production from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) hydrolysate. By applying the response surface methodology, the optimum condition of steam-acid hydrolysis was 0.64% (v/v) H2SO4 for 55.7 min, which obtained a sugar yield of 274 mg g−1. The maximum hydrogen yield (HY) of 0.874 mol (mol glucose−1) was detected at the optimum pH of 5.0 and S/X ratio of 0.5 g chemical oxygen demand (COD, g VSS−1). The addition of Fe2+ 200 mg L−1 and magnetite nanoparticles 200 mg L−1 to the inoculum enhanced the HY by 62.1% and 69.6%, respectively. The kinetics of hydrogen production was estimated by fitting the experimental data to the modified Gompertz model. The inhibitory effects of adding Fe2+ and magnetite nanoparticles to the fermentative hydrogen production were examined by applying Andrew’s inhibition model. COD mass balance and full stoichiometric reactions, including soluble metabolic products, cell synthesis, and H2 production, indicated the reliability of the experimental results. A qPCR-based analysis was conducted to assess the microbial community structure using Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridium spp., and hydrogenase-specific gene activity. Results from the microbial analysis revealed the dominance of hydrogen producers in the inoculum immobilized on magnetite nanoparticles, followed by the inoculum supplemented with Fe2+ concentration.

Biohydrogen production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate: effects of pH, S/X, Fe2+, and magnetite nanoparticles

Hydrogen from food processing wastes via photofermentation using Purple Non-sulfur Bacteria (PNSB) – A review

Anaerobic digestion of food waste to volatile fatty acids and hydrogen at high organic loading rates in immersed membrane bioreactors

Treatment of anaerobically digested swine wastewater by Rhodobacter blasticus and Rhodobacter capsulatus.

Photofermentative hydrogen production using Rhodobium marinum from bagasse and soy sauce wastewater

The biological functions of nitric oxide (NO) depend on its concentration, and excessive levels of NO induce various harmful situations known as nitrosative stress. Therefore, organisms possess many kinds of strategies to regulate the intracellular NO concentration and/or to detoxify excess NO. Here, we used genetic screening to identify a novel nitrosative stress tolerance gene, RIB1, encoding GTP cyclohydrolase II (GTPCH2), which catalyzes the first step in riboflavin biosynthesis. Our further analyses demonstrated that the GTPCH2 enzymatic activity of Rib1 is essential for RIB1-dependent nitrosative stress tolerance, but that riboflavin itself is not required for this tolerance. Furthermore, the reaction mixture of a recombinant purified Rib1 was shown to quench NO or its derivatives, even though formate or pyrophosphate, which are byproducts of the Rib1 reaction, did not, suggesting that the reaction product of Rib1, 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospo-d-ribosylamino)-pyrimidin-4(3 H)-one (DARP), scavenges NO or its derivatives. Finally, it was revealed that 2,4,5-triamino-1H-pyrimidin-6-one, which is identical to a pyrimidine moiety of DARP, scavenged NO or its derivatives, suggesting that DARP reacts with N2O3 generated via its pyrimidine moiety.

/pdf/a-novel-mechanism-for-nitrosative-stress-tolerance-dependent-44kjcf3bdf.pdf

A Novel Mechanism for Nitrosative Stress Tolerance Dependent on GTP Cyclohydrolase II Activity Involved in Riboflavin Synthesis of Yeast.

Possible application of biohydrogen technologies as electricity sources in Indonesian remote areas

Substitution component cultivation media of photo-fermentation process for low cost hydrogen gas bioproduction

STUDI ABSORPSI CO2 MENGGUNAKAN KOLOM GELEMBUNG BERPANCARAN JET (JET BUBBLE COLUMN) SPC 12.00 Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */
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 Substrates Preparation from Woody Tropical Waste Biomass for Biohydrogen Production. Addressing to the global warming problem, energy crisis and pollution, hydrogen production by micro-organisms using biotechnological approach should be considered, since it fulfils the recent society requirement to safely produce, renewable and environmental friendly energy. Hydrogen is one of the most promising green energy sources, because it is easily converted to electricity and cleanly combustible. There are three types of micro-organisms for hydrogen production, the first is cyanobacteria through the photosynthesis process, the second is anaerobic bacteria, which use organic substances as electron donor and energy and convert them to hydrogen, the third is photosynthetic bacteria, somewhat between photosynthetic and anaerobic bacteria, which are capable of converting the organic substances to hydrogen at a fairly high rate. We propose to use the abundant waste biomasses in Indonesia for hydrogen production by the microbial system. Our focus research is the production of hydrogen from waste biomasses by two-stage fermentation systems, which combine the conversion process of monomer biomasses to lactic acid by Lactobacillus sp. and the conversion process of lactic acid to hydrogen by photosynthetic bacteria. In this research, two kind substrates preparation were apply for woody waste biomass such as chemical hydrolysis and biological methods with several treatments. The results of the substrate preparation state showed that hydrolyses process of biomasses using strong acid are yielded total sugar about 70-90% of previous original content. Moreover, hydrolyses process using weak/diluted acid are yielded total sugar about 4-30% of original sugar. Furthermore, the biological treatments of degradation of woody waste biomasses are yielded total sugar about 0-10% (by single culture) and 10-50% (by consortium). Those hydrolysates substrates will use for fermentation two stages of lactate fermentation and conversion by photosynthetic bacteria in order to produce hydrogen gas. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: STUDI ABSORPSI CO2 MENGGUNAKAN KOLOM GELEMBUNG BERPANCARAN JET (JET BUBBLE COLUMN) SPC 12.00 Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */
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 Berkaitan dengan masalah pemanasan global, krisis energi dan polusi, produksi hidrogen oleh mikroorganisma melalui pendekatan bioteknologi, sudah selayaknya menjadi pertimbangan untuk memenuhi permintaan kriteria asosiasi masa kini yaitu produk yang aman, dapat didaur ulang dan ramah lingkungan. Hidrogen, salah satu energi hijau yang menjanjikan, dapat dikonversi menjadi listrik dengan mudah tanpa menimbulkan zat beracun. Ada tiga tipe mikroorganisma yang dapat memproduksi hidrogen, sianobakteria melalui sistem fotosintesis, mikroba an-aerob yang dapat mengubah substrat organik, sebagai donor elektron, menjadi hidrogen dan bakteri fotosintetik yang mempunyai sistem diantara fotosintesis dan an-aerob dengan tingkat yang cukup. Kami mengajukan limbah biomasa yang melimpah di Indonesia untuk digunakan dalam produksi hidrogen dengan memanfaatkan agen mikroba. Fokus penelitian kami adalah produksi hidrogen menggunakan limbah biomasa kekayuan melalui dua step fermentasi, yaitu dengan mengkombinasikan konversi monomer hasil hidrolisa limbah biomasa kekayuan menjadi asam laktat melalui bakteri laktat ( Lactobacillus sp) dan konversi laktat menjadi hidrogen dengan menggunakan bakteri fotosintetik. Ada dua metode preparasi substrat limbah biomasa kekayuan digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu hidrolisa secara kimia dan hidrolisa secara biologi dengan berbagai faktor. Hasil analisa menunjukkan preparasi substrat secara kimia dengan menggunakan asam kuat menghasilkan 70-90% gula tereduksi dibandingkan kadar gula awal. Sedangkan hasil dari hidrolisa menggunakan asam encer memperoleh gula tereduksi sebesar 4-30% dari gula awal. Selanjutnya hidrolisa secara biologi menunjukkan hasil hidrolisa mempunyai kandungan gula sebesar 0-10% dari gula awal dalam treatment kultur tunggal dan 10-50% jumlah gula dibanding kadar awal diperoleh pada treatment konsorsium mikroba. Hasil hidrolisa ini akan digunakan sebagai substrat dalam proses fermentasi asam laktat dan konversi asam laktat menjadi gas hidrogen secara bertingkat.

/pdf/preparasi-substrat-limbah-biomasa-kekayuan-tropika-untuk-30153x9dk7.pdf

Khairul Anam

Papers

Photofermentative hydrogen production using Rhodobium marinum from bagasse and soy sauce wastewater

A Novel Mechanism for Nitrosative Stress Tolerance Dependent on GTP Cyclohydrolase II Activity Involved in Riboflavin Synthesis of Yeast.

Possible application of biohydrogen technologies as electricity sources in Indonesian remote areas

Substitution component cultivation media of photo-fermentation process for low cost hydrogen gas bioproduction

Preparasi substrat limbah biomasa kekayuan tropika untuk produksi biohidrogen