Institution
Bogor Agricultural University
Education•Bogor, Indonesia•
About: Bogor Agricultural University is a education organization based out in Bogor, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Sustainability. The organization has 11770 authors who have published 13944 publications receiving 86063 citations.
Topics: Population, Sustainability, Mangrove, Agriculture, Land use
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method for estimating forest biomass using allometric equations which relate the biomass of individual trees to easily obtainable non-destructive measurements, such as diameter.
875 citations
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University of Göttingen1, University of Hohenheim2, German Institute of Global and Area Studies3, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center4, University of Bern5, Magister6, University of Waikato7, University of Jena8, Bogor Agricultural University9, University of Kiel10, Leipzig University11, University of the Philippines Los Baños12, Russian Academy of Sciences13, Tadulako University14
TL;DR: Landscape compositions that can mitigate trade-offs under optimal land-use allocation but also show that intensive monocultures always lead to higher profits are identified, suggesting that targeted landscape planning is needed to increase land- use efficiency while ensuring socio-ecological sustainability.
Abstract: Land-use transitions can enhance the livelihoods of smallholder farmers but potential economic-ecological trade-offs remain poorly understood. Here, we present an interdisciplinary study of the environmental, social and economic consequences of land-use transitions in a tropical smallholder landscape on Sumatra, Indonesia. We find widespread biodiversity-profit trade-offs resulting from land-use transitions from forest and agroforestry systems to rubber and oil palm monocultures, for 26,894 aboveground and belowground species and whole-ecosystem multidiversity. Despite variation between ecosystem functions, profit gains come at the expense of ecosystem multifunctionality, indicating far-reaching ecosystem deterioration. We identify landscape compositions that can mitigate trade-offs under optimal land-use allocation but also show that intensive monocultures always lead to higher profits. These findings suggest that, to reduce losses in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, changes in economic incentive structures through well-designed policies are urgently needed.
697 citations
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Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences1, Montana State University2, Institut national de la recherche agronomique3, Center for International Forestry Research4, Norwegian University of Life Sciences5, University of Texas at Austin6, Bogor Agricultural University7, World Agroforestry Centre8, Wageningen University and Research Centre9, University of Western Ontario10, University of Leeds11, Uppsala University12, Addis Ababa University13, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven14, Southern Cross University15
TL;DR: In this article, a call to action targets a reversal of paradigms, from a carbon-centric model to one that treats the hydrologic and climate cooling effects of trees and forests as the first order of priority.
Abstract: Forest-driven water and energy cycles are poorly integrated into regional, national, continental and global decision-making on climate change adaptation, mitigation, land use and water management. This constrains humanity's ability to protect our planet's climate and life-sustaining functions. The substantial body of research we review reveals that forest, water and energy interactions provide the foundations for carbon storage, for cooling terrestrial surfaces and for distributing water resources. Forests and trees must be recognized as prime regulators within the water, energy and carbon cycles. If these functions are ignored, planners will be unable to assess, adapt to or mitigate the impacts of changing land cover and climate. Our call to action targets a reversal of paradigms, from a carbon-centric model to one that treats the hydrologic and climate-cooling effects of trees and forests as the first order of priority. For reasons of sustainability, carbon storage must remain a secondary, though valuable, by-product. The effects of tree cover on climate at local, regional and continental scales offer benefits that demand wider recognition. The forest- and tree-centered research insights we review and analyze provide a knowledge-base for improving plans, policies and actions. Our understanding of how trees and forests influence water, energy and carbon cycles has important implications, both for the structure of planning, management and governance institutions, as well as for how trees and forests might be used to improve sustainability, adaptation and mitigation efforts.
668 citations
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TL;DR: An optimal human CpG motif for phosphorothioate ODN that is a candidate human vaccine adjuvant is reported and developed 15 times higher anti-hepatitis B Ab titers than those receiving vaccine alone.
Abstract: Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides within specific sequence contexts (CpG motifs) are detected, like bacterial or viral DNA, as a danger signal by the vertebrate immune system. CpG ODN synthesized with a nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate backbone have been shown to be potent Th1-directed adjuvants in mice, but these motifs have been relatively inactive on primate leukocytes in vitro. Moreover, in vitro assays that predict in vivo adjuvant activity for primates have not been reported. In the present study we tested a panel of CpG ODN for their in vitro and in vivo immune effects in mice and identified in vitro activation of B and NK cells as excellent predictors of in vivo adjuvant activity. Therefore, we tested >250 phosphorothioate ODN for their capacity to stimulate proliferation and CD86 expression of human B cells and to induce lytic activity and CD69 expression of human NK cells. These studies revealed that the sequence, number, and spacing of individual CpG motifs contribute to the immunostimulatory activity of a CpG phosphorothioate ODN. An ODN with a TpC dinucleotide at the 5' end followed by three 6 mer CpG motifs (5'-GTCGTT-3') separated by TpT dinucleotides consistently showed the highest activity for human, chimpanzee, and rhesus monkey leukocytes. Chimpanzees or monkeys vaccinated once against hepatitis B with this CpG ODN adjuvant developed 15 times higher anti-hepatitis B Ab titers than those receiving vaccine alone. In conclusion, we report an optimal human CpG motif for phosphorothioate ODN that is a candidate human vaccine adjuvant.
654 citations
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TL;DR: The short-term and long-term ecological benefits of Shade trees in coffee Coffea arabica, C. canephora and cacao Theobroma cacao agroforestry are reviewed and the poorly understood, multifunctional role of shade trees for farmers and conservation alike is emphasized.
Abstract: Summary 1. Agricultural intensification reduces ecological resilience of land-use systems, whereas paradoxically, environmental change and climate extremes require a higher response capacity than ever. Adaptation strategies to environmental change include maintenance of shade trees in tropical agroforestry, but conversion of shaded to unshaded systems is common practice to increase short-term yield. 2. In this paper, we review the short-term and long-term ecological benefits of shade trees in coffee Coffea arabica, C. canephora and cacao Theobroma cacao agroforestry and emphasize the poorly understood, multifunctional role of shade trees for farmers and conservation alike. 3. Both coffee and cacao are tropical understorey plants. Shade trees in agroforestry enhance functional biodiversity, carbon sequestration, soil fertility, drought resistance as well as weed and biological pest control. However, shade is needed for young cacao trees only and is less important in older cacao plantations. This changing response to shade regime with cacao plantation age often results in a transient role for shade and associated biodiversity in agroforestry. 4. Abandonment of old, unshaded cacao in favour of planting young cacao in new, thinned forest sites can be named ‘short-term cacao boom-and-bust cycle’, which counteracts tropical forest conservation. In a ‘long-term cacao boom-and-bust cycle’, cacao boom can be followed by cacao bust due to unmanageable pest and pathogen levels (e.g. in Brazil and Malaysia). Higher pest densities can result from physiological stress in unshaded cacao and from the larger cacao area planted. Risk-averse farmers avoid long-term vulnerability of their agroforestry systems by keeping shade as an insurance against insect pest outbreaks, whereas yield-maximizing farmers reduce shade and aim at short-term monetary benefits. 5. Synthesis and applications. Sustainable agroforestry management needs to conserve or create a diverse layer of multi-purpose shade trees that can be pruned rather than removed when crops mature. Incentives from payment-for-ecosystem services and certification schemes encourage farmers to keep high to medium shade tree cover. Reducing pesticide spraying protects functional
586 citations
Authors
Showing all 11840 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Budiman Minasny | 68 | 405 | 19516 |
Daniel Murdiyarso | 53 | 167 | 13501 |
Neil R. Loneragan | 51 | 225 | 8467 |
Dirk Jan Slotboom | 49 | 141 | 7015 |
Chris Gardiner | 34 | 135 | 11456 |
Taifo Mahmud | 33 | 122 | 3504 |
Alfi Khatib | 31 | 135 | 2847 |
Yu Ryang Pyun | 30 | 58 | 3113 |
Harry W. Palm | 29 | 43 | 1766 |
Takashi Kosaki | 27 | 162 | 2588 |
Antje Engelhardt | 26 | 57 | 2149 |
Yaya Rukayadi | 26 | 120 | 2147 |
Damayanti Buchori | 26 | 165 | 4267 |
Hugo Weenen | 25 | 55 | 2590 |
Lukas Giessen | 25 | 84 | 1952 |