Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah, by Olivier Roy. New York: Columbia University Press, in association with the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Internationales, Paris, 2004. xi + 340 pages. Index to p. 349. $29.50. Olivier Roy devotes much of Globalized Islam to the distinction between what he calls "Islamism" and "neofundamentalism." He argues that Islamist movements tend to seek power in specific countries and have become increasingly nationalistic. Neofundamentalist movements, on the other hand, tend to focus on the Islamic world as a whole and do not concentrate on achieving power. According to Roy, neofundamentalists usually favor da'wa, or preaching, over jihad. "For neofundamentalists the aim of action is salvation, not revolution" (p. 248). Even when neofundamentalists do engage in jihad, they still shun "political action" (p. 250). Yet, Roy's list of "neofundamentalist" movements includes al-Qa'ida as well as the Tablighi Jama'a (p. 234). It is hard to see how anyone could argue that al-Qa'ida is more interested in salvation than revolution or that its acts of violence are not political. Roy is a knowledgeable and insightful scholar, and he makes many important points. He rightly stresses that Islam often serves primarily as a marker of national and/ or ethnic identity rather than as a political program. He rightly criticizes those who think that the behavior of Muslims today can simply be explained by examining verses of the Qur'an. And he correctly emphasizes that al-Qa'ida has an anti-imperialist dimension that should not be ignored (although this is hard to reconcile with his characterization of al-Qa'ida as an apolitical neofundamentalist movement). At the same time, however, Roy makes many sweeping generalizations that are simply inaccurate. He claims that "Bin Laden only paid lip-service to Palestine till the end of 2001" (p. 3). This is a common assertion. It is also an erroneous one. In a 1994 letter to Sheikh 'Abd al-'Aziz bin Baz, the Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia, Bin Laden wrote: "The Shar'i obligation regarding Palestine and our Palestinian brothers, [who are] among the helpless oppressed men, women, and children, is jihad in the path of God and inciting the Umma to jihad to liberate all of Palestine and return it to Islamic rule." Much of this letter is devoted to rejecting the very idea of a peace agreement with Israel. (The Arabic text of the letter is available online at http://www.alwahabiya.org/articles/binladen_to_binbaz.htm) Roy asserts that "popular mobilisation in the Middle East centres around nationalism...not around Islam" (p. 51). Similarly, he contends that "Osama Bin Laden did not grasp that the genuine antiAmericanism of the 'average' Arab had never led to a sustainable political mobilisation, and that if such mobilisation ever did happen it would be over Palestine and Iraq that is, over Arab and not Islamic issues" (p. 56). It is true that groups like Hamas and the main movements fighting the American-led occupation of Iraq have a nationalist dimension, and this is an important point. …

Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah

Satellite imagery is being used to monitor agriculture fields, vehicle detection, surveillance and remote sensing In this paper, we proposed large-vehicle detection to monitor the status on route of China Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC) In the present experiments, the region of interests extracted from more than thousand images through different angles to train machine for large-vehicle detection using RCNN, Fast-RCNN, Faster-RCCN and Cascade methods The training images were enhanced through contrast change and image sharpening to avoid errors during detection of vehicles on route Results show that the proposed method is promising for large-vehicle detection on CPEC route The Faster-RCNN is more promising due to fast computational speed with high precision and recall rate Furthermore, the developed dataset is also useful for future CPEC applications such as large-vehicles/trucks tracking, detection and identification

Improvement of Large-Vehicle Detection and Monitoring on CPEC Route

Belt and Road Initiative appears as a worldwide investment of China. CPEC is fundamental part of BRI worldwide project. Labor market is demand for specialized human skill of expanding the investment activity for Pakistan under CPEC project little part of BRI project. This paper explores the relation between foreign direct investment, labor force, interest rate, terrorism, export and economic growth over using time series data from 1985 to 2016. Economic growth used as dependent variable and FDI, Labor and interest rate terrorism and trade used as an explanatory variable. Here utilized ADF test, unit root test, Johansen co-integration and Granger causality methods were utilized shows that the relationships between the variables in long run time period. The Error Correction Model has been utilized to explore the relationship between the labor market independent variable and economic growth dependent variable. The consequence of different procedures demonstrates that labor market has measurably critical effect on gross economic growth. The interest in China Pakistan Economic Corridor will required more dexterous, specialized and non-specialized work drive in this manner to include that labor wages as of late are more imperative for growth of Pakistan economy. On the other hand, the analytical result documented to all the characterize variables in our model boots economic growth so work constrain for growth of Pakistan economy in short run is more essential contributing growth.

Impact of Foreign Investment, Labor Force and Interest Rate on Economic Growth: A Case of Pakistan (Under CPEC Project Contribution Countries)

Recent studies reflect that the legal regime of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is one of the crucial gateways of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It is somehow replete with multiple environmental perplexities. Environmental quandary is expected in the BRI's development projects. This turns it into a main reason behind a recent shift in China's environmental policies owing to international commitments. The broader prospects involved offer a larger role in the international organisations. In accordance with the global environmental policy transformation, China integrates climate change as a new science with terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In the development of CPEC projects, there are lessons to be learnt by Pakistan also. It needs to integrate its environmental policies to refine its international status and maintain itself as a sustainable and principal partner of China's BRI. This study explores the inadequacies in * M. Jahanzeb Butt is a PhD Scholar, School of Law, Dalian Maritime University, China. ** Yen Chiang Chang is Professor of International Law, School of Law, Dalian Maritime University, China. ***Khadija Zulfiqar is a PhD Scholar, School of Law, Dalian Maritime University, China. ___________________ @2021 by the Islamabad Policy Research Institute. IPRI Journal XXI (1): 83-122 https://doi.org/10.31945/iprij.210104 M Jahanzeb Butt, Yen Chiang Chang & Khadija Zulfiqar 2 IPRI JOURNAL  2021 Pakistan's existing environmental policy while comparing it with the Chinese counterpart, and Chinese environmental policy shift, which is being implemented on CPEC and BRI projects.

/pdf/a-comparative-analysis-of-the-environmental-policies-in-25fkc0pb1i.pdf

A Comparative Analysis of the Environmental Policies in China and Pakistan: Developing a Legal Regime for Sustainable China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

This paper investigates the local community support for the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) using the lens of social exchange theory. The study examines the direct effect of social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors on the local community support for CPEC projects, and the resultant impacts on the development and sustainability of the rural economy of Pakistan. The study also explores the moderation effect of media influence on shaping positive perceptions of CPEC among the local populace. The local communities at the CPEC route which are affected or can be affected by the project were targeted for data collection using a structured questionnaire. The collected valid data (N = 259) were thoroughly analyzed by obtaining reliability and validity statistics, a correlation matrix, multiple regression, moderation analysis, and hypotheses testing. Our results substantiate that the local community support for the CPEC project is heavily dependent on social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors and that there is a positive influence of media impact as an opinion-maker in the local community regarding the CPEC. The CPEC is expected to develop the rural economy, particularly through improvements in agriculture and allied activities, thereby providing livelihoods and income-generating opportunities to the rural masses. The article is important for regulators, the CPEC authority, government bodies, and the relevant community.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/2/686/pdf

Development and Sustainability of Rural Economy of Pakistan through Local Community Support for CPEC

This chapter discusses the security of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) flagship project in Pakistan, the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and its geostrategic implications and the terrorist threat landscape from Xinjiang to Gwadar It argues that CPEC is one of the key pillars of the BRI The peculiar attribute of CPEC is its intersection between the oversea 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) and the land-based Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) Its total length is approximately 3000 km spanning from Pakistan’s Gwadar Port to Kashgar, northwestern China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region The macro projects consist of the railway lines, roads, fibre optics, energy pipelines and industrial development zones Albeit the promises of sustainable development, since the announcement of the CPEC and its ratification the route designated under the corridor triggered much debate and controversy The major contentions regard the distribution of economic development and infrastructure projects of this mega venture within the provinces Besides violent extremism and terrorism, ethno nationalist groups are another daunting challenge for the economic corridor

Securing CPEC: Challenges, Responses and Outcomes

Definitional impasse over the issue of violent extremism has adversely affected the scholarly endeavours to develop a systematic understanding of the threat and policy interventions to counter the ...

Khuram Iqbal

Papers

Securing CPEC: Challenges, Responses and Outcomes

Emerging trends of on-campus radicalization in Pakistan