Primary objective: To better characterize, describe and highlight issues that individuals with TBI and active LPTS may face in their daily lives.Design: Prospective multi-centre mixed method qualitative and quantitative interview.Participants: Twenty-five individuals, 5–13 years post-injury, who had reported having LPTS and TBI.Measures: Disability Rating Scale (DRS); Supervision Rating Scale (SRS); Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended (GOS-E); Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); Craig Handicap Assessment Reporting Technique-Short Form (CHART-SF) sub-scales: Physical Independence, Cognitive Independence, Mobility, Occupation, Social Integration; and Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors (CHIEF); and qualitative interview questions pertaining to management of the seizure disorder and its effect on the individual's health, function, community integration and participation.Results: Data are presented regarding seizure activity and management; return to driving post-seizure; coping and participation; and stan...

Impact of late post-traumatic seizures on physical health and functioning for individuals with brain injury within the community.

Persisting concussion symptoms (PCS) can last for months, years, or indefinitely and affect a considerable number of concussion patients. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalenc...

Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study of Patients with Persisting Concussion Symptoms.

Effect of lacosamide on structural damage and functional recovery after traumatic brain injury in rats

Background: The incidence of early post-traumatic seizures after civilian traumatic brain injury ranges 4–25%. The control of early post-traumatic seizure is mandatory because these acute insults may add secondary damage to the already damaged brain with poor outcome. Prophylactic use of anti-epileptic drugs have been found to be have variable efficacy against early post-traumatic seizures. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of Phenytion and Levetiracetam in prevention of early post-traumatic seizures in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Methods : This Randomized Controlled Trial was conducted in department of Neurosurgery, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad from March, 2012 to March 2014. The patients with moderate to severe head injury were randomly allocated in two groups. Patients in group A were given phenytoin and patients in group B were given Levetiracetam. Patients were followed for one week to detect efficacy of drug in terms of early post traumatic seizures. Results: The 154 patients included in the study were equally divided into two groups. Out of 154 patients 115 (74.7%) were male while 29 (25.3%) were females. Age of patients ranges from 7–48 (24.15±9.56) years. Ninety one (59.1%) patients had moderate head injury while 63 (40.9%) patients had severe head injury. Phenytoin was effective in preventing early post traumatic seizures in 73 (94.8%) patients whereas Levetiracetam effectively controlled seizures in 70 (90.95%) cases ( p -value of .348). Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference in the efficacy of Phenytoin and Levetiracetam in prophylaxis of early post-traumatic seizures in cases of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Keywords: Phenytoin; Levetiracetam; Seizures; Post-traumatic; Epilepsy; Trauma; Head injury

Comparison Of Efficacy Of Phenytoin And Levetiracetam For Prevention Of Early Post Traumatic Seizures.

Advance technology and life science significantly prolongs human’s lifespan. The prolonged longevity enables people to enjoy longer life but adversely increases the mortality and morbidity of aging-related disorders which may, in turn, devalue the quality of late life. Of the aging-related neurological conditions, increased incidence and prevalence of convulsive disorders, namely seizures or epilepsies, have been documented in literature. Epilepsy is the third most common neurological condition after dementia and stroke among the elderly. Multiple risk factors cause the elderly to be prone to develop seizures or epilepsies, including advanced aging, stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia, neurodegenerative diseases, brain tumors, obstructive sleep apnea, and obesity. In this article, we highlight the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of elderly seizures.

Epilepsy in Elderly

Background: Post-traumatic seizure is a well-known and serious
complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The incidence and risk
factors vary among study populations. Very little data have been
published concerning this in the Malaysian population. The aim of this
study was to ascertain the risk factors for the development of early
post-traumatic seizures among patients with TBI. Methods: This was a
prospective observational study, carried out in Hospital Universiti
Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, under the Department of
Neurosciences. A total of 157 patients, from all age groups, who were
diagnosed with TBI were enrolled from June 2007 to December 2007. They
were followed-up for 12 months until death or their first
post-traumatic seizure. Survival analysis with Kaplan–Meier
curves and Cox proportional hazards regression was performed. Results:
A total of 11 (7.0%) of the patients developed early post-traumatic
seizures. The risk factors for early post-traumatic seizures were young
age (P = 0.021, 95% CI 0.806 to 0.982) and intubated patients (P =
0.029, 95% CI 1.194 to 25.913). The incidence of early post-traumatic
seizures in the local population was 7.0%. Conclusion: The incidence of
early post-traumatic seizures in the local population of Kelantan and
Terengganu is comparable to the incidences reported elsewhere. Younger
as well as intubated patients were at a higher risk of developing this
condition. It may be necessary to give antiepileptic prophylaxis
because any seizure could adversely affect morbidity and mortality.
However, the study showed that antiepileptic drug was not beneficial in
preventing late post-traumatic seizures, but may have a role in
preventing early seizures.

Risk Factors and Phenytoin Prophylaxis for Early Post-Traumatic Seizures among Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Context: Postconcussion syndrome (PCS) is a set of symptoms occurred after a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Aims: This study aims to determine the prevalence of PCS in a young adult population from a single Neurological Centre in Malaysia's East Coast and to evaluate the factors associated with PCS in MTBI patients. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a Neurological Centre at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, from January 2016 to December 2016. Subjects and Methods: A total of 209 patients; 133 males and 76 females, in the age range of 16–84 years, were randomly recruited for this study. All the selected patients were subjected to the checklist for diagnosis of PCS as per International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th edition classification at a 2-week interval. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistic and Multivariable Logistic Regression Model were used for frequency and percentage analyses of categorical variables, using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Only 20 patients were identified with PCS. There were more female (70%) patients with PCS than the male (30%) patients. The prevalence of PCS for 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months since injuries were 9.6%, 8.1%, and 8.1% respectively. Majority (80%) of the patients were found to have PCS due to road traffic accidents, while the remaining were attributed to assault (15%), and falls (5%). Among the sample population, 25% were smokers, while 10% of them had either skull fracture or premorbidity. Conclusion: Less than 10% of patients with MTBI had PCS after 6 months' following trauma. None of the variables tested were significant factors for the development of PCS symptoms.

Prevalence of Postconcussion Syndrome after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Young Adults from a Single Neurosurgical Center in East Coast of Malaysia.

Choroid plexus carcinoma is a rare tumor representing less than 1% of all brain tumors. In adult, the incidence is extremely rare making the diagnosis difficult. Majority of choroid plexus tumor is found in the ventricle. However, ectopic sites such as intracranial extraventricular or spine have been reported. We report a case of choroid plexus carcinoma in a 39-year-old man. The clinical presentation, pathology and management are discussed.

/pdf/choroid-plexus-carcinoma-a-case-report-and-literature-review-2ibtr7n7mb.pdf

Kin Hup Chan

Papers

Risk Factors and Phenytoin Prophylaxis for Early Post-Traumatic Seizures among Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Prevalence of Postconcussion Syndrome after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Young Adults from a Single Neurosurgical Center in East Coast of Malaysia.

Choroid plexus carcinoma: A case report and literature review