The comparison of related genomes has emerged as a powerful lens for genome interpretation. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes. We confirm that at least 5.5% of the human genome has undergone purifying selection, and locate constrained elements covering ∼4.2% of the genome. We use evolutionary signatures and comparisons with experimental data sets to suggest candidate functions for ∼60% of constrained bases. These elements reveal a small number of new coding exons, candidate stop codon readthrough events and over 10,000 regions of overlapping synonymous constraint within protein-coding exons. We find 220 candidate RNA structural families, and nearly a million elements overlapping potential promoter, enhancer and insulator regions. We report specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection, 280,000 non-coding elements exapted from mobile elements and more than 1,000 primate- and human-accelerated elements. Overlap with disease-associated variants indicates that our findings will be relevant for studies of human biology, health and disease.

A High-Resolution Map of Human Evolutionary Constraint Using 29 Mammals

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are nanocarriers developed as substitute colloidal drug delivery systems parallel to liposomes, lipid emulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, and so forth. Owing to their unique size dependent properties and ability to incorporate drugs, SLNs present an opportunity to build up new therapeutic prototypes for drug delivery and targeting. SLNs hold great potential for attaining the goal of targeted and controlled drug delivery, which currently draws the interest of researchers worldwide. The present review sheds light on different aspects of SLNs including fabrication and characterization techniques, formulation variables, routes of administration, surface modifications, toxicity, and biomedical applications.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Emerging Colloidal Nano Drug Delivery Systems

Overview and comparative study of dimensionality reduction techniques for high dimensional data

Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease that accumulated excess body fat leads to negative effects on health. Obesity continues to accelerate resulting in an unprecedented epidemic that shows no significant signs of slowing down any time soon. Raised body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders, resulting in dramatic decrease of life quality and expectancy. The main cause of obesity is long-term energy imbalance between consumed calories and expended calories. Here, we explore the biological mechanisms of obesity with the aim of providing actionable treatment strategies to achieve a healthy body weight from nature to nurture. This review summarizes the global trends in obesity with a special focus on the pathogenesis of obesity from genetic factors to epigenetic factors, from social environmental factors to microenvironment factors. Against this background, we discuss several possible intervention strategies to minimize BMI.

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Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics.

Inflammatory diseases are caused by abnormal immune responses and are characterized by an imbalance of inflammatory mediators and cells. In recent years, the anti-inflammatory activity of natural products has attracted wide attention. Rosmarinic acid (RosA) is a water-soluble phenolic compound that is an ester of caffeic acid and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid. It is discovered in many plants, like those of the Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae families. RosA has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-tumorigenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory effects of RosA have been revealed through in vitro and in vivo studies of various inflammatory diseases like arthritis, colitis, and atopic dermatitis. This article mainly describes the preclinical research of RosA on inflammatory diseases and depicts a small amount of clinical research data. The purpose of this review is to discuss the anti-inflammatory effects of RosA in inflammatory diseases and its underlying mechanism.

/pdf/a-review-of-the-anti-inflammatory-effects-of-rosmarinic-acid-58dzyex0uk.pdf

A Review of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rosmarinic Acid on Inflammatory Diseases

Formation and Dissociation Kinetics in Simulated Hydrate Bearing Reservoir

Mobile sinks are useful in mitigating the formation of energy-holes due to uneven energy expenditure among sensor nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) A mobile sink travels across WSN and gathers sensor readings via single-hop communication To deal with data collection latency in delay-sensitive applications, many proposals have investigated techniques based on Rendezvous Points (RPs) where a mobile sink plans a tour that visits a subset of sensor nodes to collect data within a given deadline In such a WSN, the number of RPs is limited due to the maximum allowed sink tour length Therefore, in a large WSN, selected RPs are required to forward a large number of packets, which results in early energy depletion In this paper, we have proposed an approach that attempts to lessen the RP’s burden of forwarding large number of data packets in such WSNs

Lifetime Elongation of Wireless Sensor Networks with Mobile Sink in Delay-Sensitive Applications

This paper describes an efficient Heart sound retrieval methodology using principles of Psychoacoustic. A novel method of histogram matching algorithm based on structural and perceptual features (Mel-frequency Ceptral coefficient -MFCC, Pitch, loudness, timber etc) is discussed. This algorithm extracts spectral features heart sounds based on human perception and retrieves similar sound from the heart sound database. Experiment results based on the example based query showed that the algorithm can achieve a search accuracy of about 97%.

An efficient retrieval technique for heart sounds using psychoacoustic similarity

In the present research work, Rifabutin, drug used for tuberculosis infection, was encapsulated in lipidic nanoparticles with a view to develop a sustained release oral formulation. The nanocarrier...

Quality by Design (QbD) driven Systematic Development of Nano-lipoidal Carrier of Poorly Water Soluble Anti-tubercular agent-Rifabutin.

The phonocardiography (PCG) — the art and science of recording and interpreting of heart sounds using latest digital technology has significantly helped us to understand and interpret the complex heart sounds (normal, abnormal sounds including murmurs) and in particular valvular diseases. In general, the classification and interpretation of heart sounds and murmurs is based on a adjective 0-6/6 grade scale and described by using “faint”, “soft”, “loud”, “ high pitch”, “clear”, “thrill”, “tremor”, “musical” and others terms. The adjective scales vary among the doctors and difficult to derive a standard model for heart sound quality and correct clinical interpretation. In this work, we propose a novel framework based on psychoacoustic principles and derive psychoacoustic models for the heart sounds and murmurs. We discuss the theoretical foundations, psychoacoustic principles and derive the mathematical models for the psychoacoustic features such as loudness, sharpness, intensity, strength, roughness, tonality etc. for a set of heart sounds and murmurs. The proposed framework helps in deriving heart sound quality and also helps in Identifying heart defects.

Kiran Kumari Patil

Papers

Formation and Dissociation Kinetics in Simulated Hydrate Bearing Reservoir

Lifetime Elongation of Wireless Sensor Networks with Mobile Sink in Delay-Sensitive Applications

An efficient retrieval technique for heart sounds using psychoacoustic similarity

Quality by Design (QbD) driven Systematic Development of Nano-lipoidal Carrier of Poorly Water Soluble Anti-tubercular agent-Rifabutin.

Psychoacoustic Models for Heart Sounds