Basics of Holography is a general introduction to the subject written by a leading worker in the field It begins with the theory of holographic imaging, the characteristics of the reconstructed image, and the various types of holograms Practical aspects of holography are then described, including light sources, the characteristics of recording media and recording materials, as well as methods for producing different types of holograms and computer-generated holograms Finally, important applications of holography are discussed, such as high-resolution imaging, holographic optical elements, information processing, and holographic interferometry The book includes comprehensive reference sections and appendices summarizing some useful mathematical results Numerical problems with their solutions are provided at the ends of chapters This is an invaluable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as researchers in science and engineering who would like to learn more about holography and its applications in science and industry

Basics of Holography

A novel approach to time-lapse interferometry and contouring is introduced that uses television rather than photographic techniques. A first interferogram is stored on a video storage device such as a magnetic disk. After a change in the stress of the object, a second interferogram is electronically compared to the stored pattern to form a signal representative of the fringe pattern caused by the deformation. This signal may be directly displayed on a cathode-ray tube or employed by some automatic inspection device.

Time-lapse interferometry and contouring using television systems.

A volumetric multi-layer screen including a plurality of electrically switchable layers that are stacked and coextensive, each of the plurality of electrically switchable layers including: a first transparent dielectric substrate having a first side and a second side; a first transparent electrode coated on the first side of the first transparent substrate; and an electrically switchable polymer dispersed liquid-crystal film coated on the first transparent electrode. The electrically switchable polymer dispersed liquid-crystal film includes a) a host polymer having an index of refraction and b) a nematic liquid crystal having i) an ordinary index of refraction that substantially matches the index of refraction of the host polymer when an electric field is applied across the electrically switchable polymer dispersed liquid-crystal film from the first transparent electrode, and ii) an extraordinary index of refraction that causes visible light to be scattered at a host polymer/nematic liquid crystal interface when the electric field is not applied across the electrically switchable polymer dispersed liquid-crystal film by the first transparent electrode.

3-D volume visualization display

Adaptive optics imaging of the human retina.

An optically addressed parallel-aligned nematic-liquid-crystal spatial light modulator is developed for applications in optical information processing and interferometry. Its performance, including diffraction efficiency, is measured, and a theoretical analysis of diffraction efficiency is performed. A comparison between the experimental results and the theoretical analysis shows good agreement. The diffraction efficiency of near-sinusoidal gratings written on the device is of the order of 30%, which is close to theoretical maximum.

Diffraction efficiency analysis of a parallel-aligned nematic-liquid-crystal spatial light modulator.

This paper describes the double exposure holographic formation of a contour map over a diffusely reflecting or transmitting of arbitrary shape and surface finish by using an immersion method with media of different indices of refraction between successive exposure. A wavelength λ effectively contributing to the fringe contour is given by λ0/Δn where λ0 is the wavelength of the laser and Δn is the index variation. Index variations were introduced by pressure difference in Freon to give λ=600 µ and 200 µ, and by the combination of two liquids to give 14 µ and 25 µ, thus extending the change of height corresponding to each fringe contour continuously up to one thousand times greater than with the optical Fizeau fringes. A correcting plate of a Schmidt camera in the grinding process was used as a test object and its figuring error were analyzed.

Holographic Generation of Contour Map of Diffusely Reflecting Surface by Using Immersion Method

We have recently developed a new type of liquid-crystal spatial light-modulator which acts as a phase-only spatial light-modulator for coherent light The use of this device as a flexible filter in the Fourier plane of an optical correlation system is described, and it is shown how it may also be used as a flexible interconnect capable of simultaneously providing continuous amplitude and binary phase modulation

The Application of Phase-only Filters to Optical Interconnects and Pattern Recognition

Apparatus for three-dimensional viewing of magnetic resonance imaging tomograms

A shearing interferometer measures the aberration of a lens by passing a beam through the lens, splitting the beam into plural beams with a slightly wedged plate and causing interference between the wavefronts of the beams. The front and rear optical surfaces of the wedged plate are coated with reflective thin films each having a specific reflectance and transmittance.

Shearing interferometer for measuring lens lateral aberration

A laser Doppler velocimeter using two laser beams, when used for the measurement of the flow velocity of slow moving particles, fails to provide the measurement because the Doppler frequency and the pedestal component overlap on the power spectrum. This difficulty is eliminated by having a prism disposed in the path of one of the laser beams used. When this prism is continuously moved, the pedestal component and the Doppler frequency are separated from each other on the power spectrum, enabling the velocimeter to effect the measurement easily and accurately.

Kiyofumi Matsuda

Papers

Holographic Generation of Contour Map of Diffusely Reflecting Surface by Using Immersion Method

The Application of Phase-only Filters to Optical Interconnects and Pattern Recognition

Apparatus for three-dimensional viewing of magnetic resonance imaging tomograms

Shearing interferometer for measuring lens lateral aberration

Laser doppler velocimeter